Many bacteria, in particular Gram-positive bacteria, contain high proportions of non-N-acetylated amino sugars, i.e., glucosamine (GlcN) and/or muramic acid, in the peptidoglycan of their cell wall, thereby acquiring resistance to lysozyme. However, muramidases with specificity for non-N-acetylated peptidoglycan have been characterized as part of autolytic systems such as of Clostridium acetobu...

Using a quantitative assay for measuring chemotaxis, we tested a variety of sugars and sugar derivatives for their ability to attract Escherichia coli bacteria. The most effective attractants, i.e., those that have thresholds near 10(-5) M or below, are N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, 6-deoxy-d-glucose, d-fructose, d-fucose, 1-d-glycerol-beta-d-galactoside, galactitol, d-galactose, d-glucosamine, d-glu...

Carbohydrates play a critical role in many cellular processes like disease, growth and development. In this work lectins, proteins that recognizes carbohydrate free or conjugated, were used as histochemical probes for carbohydrates localization in developing human minor salivary gland. Immunohistochemistry for traditional cytoskeleton markers (Cks 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, SMA and Vimentin) was perform...

Radioactivity from d-glucosamine-(14)C is incorporated into particulate fractions of hypocotyls of Phaseolus aureus (mung bean) seedlings. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized materials revealed that several polypeptide components varying considerably in molecular weight had become radioactive during the incubation. A considerable amount of (14)C was also...

We have examined the quantitative importance of various monosaccharide residues of an octasaccharide domain of heparin that are responsible for the binding of this oligosaccharide to antithrombin. Different fragments of the octasaccharide were prepared by enzymatic digestion and the avidities of these oligosaccharides for antithrombin were determined by equilibrium dialysis. The data show that ...

From the effects of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucose on the elution of the A protein of human lactose synthetase from a column of Sepharose-alpha-lactalbumin, values of 200m(-1) and 0.57m(-1) are deduced for the association constants describing the interaction between the enzyme and the respective monosaccharides.

Soil organisms have been isolated which elaborate induced enzymes capable of attacking group A and variant (V) streptococcal carbohydrates. The V enzyme hydrolyzes V carbohydrate extensively to dialyzable split products with resultant total loss of precipitating activity with homologous antisera. The split products inhibit the reaction between intact V carbohydrate and its antiserum: evidence i...

Preparation of glucosamine hydrochloride from the chitin horseshoe crab shells using chemical hydrolysis method has been done HCl concentration variation ratios 7%, 9%, 11%,14 % with a ratio 9:1 (v/w) for 4 hours at temperature 90ºC. Determination characteristics was characterized Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, in which obtained OH group were 3446 cm-1 (s), 3448 3450 respecti...

Chitooligosaccharides (COs) containing up to 10 monomeric units of N-acetyl D-glucosamine and/or are water-soluble molecules revealing numerous biological activities and low toxicological profiles. Within this study, a computational approach has been used predict the involvement COs having distinct chemical properties (molecular weight, deacetylation degree acetylation pattern) in all four woun...

Seeing the sugar coating: N-Acetyl-glucosamine and mannosamine derivatives tagged with an isonitrile group are metabolically incorporated into cell-surface glycans and can be detected with a fluorescent tetrazine. This bioorthogonal isonitrile-tetrazine ligation is also orthogonal to the commonly used azide-cyclooctyne ligation, and so will allow simultaneous detection of the incorporation of t...