Sections of cat ciliary ganglia were stained for acetylcholinesterase activity by several modifications of the acetylthiocholine method in order to achieve optimal accuracy of cytological localization of the enzyme. These were compared by ordinary light and phase contrast microscopy with similar sections stained by standard techniques for Nissl substance, the Golgi apparatus, and the neurofibri...

Drugs-of-abuse may increase the salience of drug cues by sensitizing the dopaminergic (DA) system (Robinson and Berridge, 1993), leading to differential attention to smoking stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to assess attention to smoking cues but not using an ERP component associated with DA-mediated salience evaluation. In this study the DA-related P2a and the P3, were c...

Atypical glomeruli (AtG) are clearly distinguishable from typical ones because of their strong cholinergic innervation. AtG are located in defined positions in the caudal half of the main olfactory bulb of rodents. The AtG partially overlap with other specialized olfactory subsystems, such as the modified glomerular complex, which is close to the accessory olfactory bulb. So far, possible sex d...

In this study, we have employed in silico methodology combining double pharmacophore based screening, molecular docking, and ADME/T filtering to identify dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that can preferentially inhibit acetylcholinesterase and simultaneously inhibit the butyrylcholinesterase also but in the lesser extent than acetylcholinesterase. 3D-pharmacophore models of ACh...

The therapeutical efficacies of eleven oxime-based acetylcholinesterase reactivators were compared in an in vivo (rat model) study of treatment of intoxication caused by tabun. In this group there were some currently available oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime and HI-6) and the rest were newly synthesized compounds. The best reactivation efficacy for acetylcholinesterase in blood (expressed as per...

Three man synthetic routes to analogues of tacrine are described: reaction of anthranilonitriles with cyclohexanone and other ketones, reaction of various anilines with alpha-cyanoketones, and reactions involving anilines and cyclic beta-ketoesters. Although tacrine has a wide range of pharmacological effects, it is best known as an inhibitor of cholinesterase enzymes. Many of the analogues tha...

The effect of Mg(2+)-ATP on purified acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from electric tissue of Electrophorus electricus (L.) was studied. The enzymatic activities were measured with acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine as substrates. The kinetic parameters Vmax, Km and Hill coefficient (nH), for acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine were modified with Mg(2+)-ATP. It was shown that acetylcholinesterase p...

inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. so the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and beclomethasone against insulin induced airway hyper-responsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pi...