Arterial blood gases (ABG), a clinical test that involves measurement of the pH of arterial blood and the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood, is routinely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of predominantly critically/acutely ill patients being cared for in hospital emergency rooms and intensive care units. The test allows assessment of two related physiological f...

Industrial exposure to gases and fumes may produce a wide variety of respiratory damage including tracheobronchial inflammation and parenchymal damage.' Tracheobronchial inflammation is reported, particularly after exposure to chlorine, ammonia, and sulphur dioxide. Interstitial pneumonitis has been associated with the inhalation of oxides of nitrogen,2 cadmium,3 manganese,4 mercury,5 and resin...

Sulfur gases are common components in the volcanic and biological emission on Earth, and are expected to be important input gases for atmospheres on terrestrial exoplanets. We study the atmospheric composition and the spectra of terrestrial exoplanets with sulfur compounds (i.e., H2S and SO2) emitted from their surfaces. We use a comprehensive one-dimensional photochemistry model and radiative ...

The effects of ambient relative humidity and particle size on acid deposition within the airways have been examined with a computer model. For H2SO4 particles initially at 90% relative humidity in ambient air that are inhaled via the nose or mouth, there is significant deposition of acid in the airways even in the presence of typical values of respiratory NH3. When these same particles are foun...

Plasma acid is an acidic solution simply produced from water and a carrier gas in an electrical discharge. These produced solutions are of high value for biological decontamination and industrial pollutant abatement applications. While several electrical discharges have been shown to produce plasma acid, the subject of this study is the gliding arc plasmatron, a rotating gliding arc discharge. ...

Sulfur gases are common components in the volcanic and biological emission on Earth, and are expected to be important input gases for atmospheres on terrestrial exoplanets. We study the atmospheric composition and the spectra of terrestrial exoplanets with sulfur compounds (i.e., H2S and SO2) emitted from their surfaces. We use a comprehensive one-dimensional photochemistry model and radiative ...

An important advantage of using a short-term pre-aeration of municipal solid waste (MSW) with high organic fractions prior to landfilling is that it intensively decomposes a part of organic matter, especially easily biodegradable fractions in waste, and thus regulates the subsequent anaerobic degradation of MSW under landfill conditions, meanwhile conserving the bio-methane potential as much as...

Accurate measurements of blood gases and acid-base status require an array of sophisticated laboratory equipment that is typically not available during field research; such is the case for many studies on the stress physiology, ecology and conservation of elasmobranch fish species. Consequently, researchers have adopted portable clinical analysers that were developed for the analysis of human b...