Thomson and Miles in their Manual of Surgery, 1909, p. 713, state that " little is known of the rate of growth of vesical stone " and that " Guyon believes that a uric acid stone takes several years to attain a diameter of two inches." The following case, as throwing a little light on this point, may be of interest. R., a patient from Farah, Afghanistan, was operated on for vesical calculus by ...

Chemokines play a key role in directing and driving leucocyte trafficking. The efficient regulation of leucocyte recruitment by chemokines requires their appropriate localization in functional micro-anatomical domains, as well as setting limits to their effects in space and time. Both processes are influenced by silent chemokine receptors (interceptors), including DARC (Duffy antigen receptor f...

Study Design: Case control group study. Objectives: To compare scapular position and orientation between baseball players with and without pathologic internal impingement. Background: Scapular dysfunction has been implicated as a contributor to throwing-related pathologic internal impingement of the shoulder due to its role in increasing the contact between the greater tuberosity and posterior-...

The throwing athlete is at increased risk for injury to the shoulder because of the large and repetitive forces generated during the throwing motion. Injuries may occur from a single supraphysiologic load or from repeated subthreshold loads that cumulatively damage the tissue. The act of throwing has been classified, with some variation, into five stages: windup, early cocking, late cocking, ac...

CONTEXT Differences in 3-dimensional (3D) scapular motion have been reported between healthy baseball position players and healthy nonoverhead athletic controls, as well as players diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. These alterations are theorized to be the result of adaptations due to the demands of repetitive throwing. However, comparisons between the throwing and nonthrowing shoul...

This paper presents optimal trajectory planning and iterative learning control for a throwing manipulation which can control not only the position but also the orientation of a polygonal object robustly to uncertainties by low-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. We show experimentally the validity of the proposed method with the one-joint robotic arm. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the throwi...