BACKGROUND Kabul, Afghanistan, is the largest focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the world. ACL is a protozoan disease transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Although not fatal, ACL can lead to considerable stigmatization of affected populations. METHODS Using data from a standardized survey of 872 households in 4 wards of Kabul, Afghanistan, univar...

background & aims: thuracolumbar unstable fractures (t, l.u.f) are common after spine truma. posterior pedicular fixation is a technique that is use for fixation of these fractures. this study evaluates the accuracy of pedicular screw placement in t, luf with the assistance of plain radiography in operation rooms. materials & methods: this study is a case-control and analytical study. 35 patien...

Cancellous screws are designed to optimize fixation in metaphyseal bone environments; however, certain clinical situations may require the substitution of cortical screws for use in cancellous bone, such as anatomic constraints, fragment size, or available instrumentation. This study compares the biomechanical properties of commercially available cortical and cancellous screw designs in a synth...

Gender has been identified as a risk factor for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Although some possible biomechanical risk factors underlying the gender differences in the risk for non-contact ACL injuries have been identified, they have not been quantitatively confirmed yet because of the descriptive nature of the traditional epidemiological methods. The purpose of this s...

Expansive pedicle screws significantly improve fixation strength in osteoporotic spines. However, the previous literature does not adequately address the effects of the number of lengthwise slits and the extent of screw expansion on the strength of the bone/screw interface when expansive screws are used with or without cement augmentation. Herein, four designs for expansive pedicle screws with ...

BACKGROUND The use of pedicle screws is the gold standard for supplemental posterior fixation in lateral interbody fusion. Information about the performance of transfacet pedicle screws compared to standard pedicle screws and rods in the upper lumbar spine with or without a lateral interbody fusion device in place is limited. METHODS Fifteen fresh frozen human cadaveric lumbar spine segments ...

BACKGROUND The current body of literature surrounding anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) survival and the variables contributing to further ACL injuries after primary ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents is limited, with no long-term evidence examining the incidence and contributing factors of further ACL injuries in this younger patient population. PURPOSE To determine the long-term ...

A three dimensional computational knee joint model was utilized in simulating injury to the ACL and ACL reconstruction. The model was constructed and optimized using MR images and experimental data from the same knee. The model was validated by comparing its behavior to kinematic and kinetic data found in literature. The focus of the simulation was a parametric study of the effect variations in...

The aim was to compare fear of re-injury, patient reported function, static and dynamic tibial translation and muscle strength assessed before and 5 weeks after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between individuals who sustained a subsequent ACL graft rupture or a contralateral ACL injury within 5 years after the reconstruction, and individuals with no subsequent injury. Ninete...

Psychological factors may be a hindrance for returning to sport after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI) measures athletes' emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal in relation to return to sport. The aim of this study was to translate the ACL-RSI scale from English to Swedish and to examine some of the measure...