The femoral tactile spine of the cockroach is a rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor in which the response to a step displacement is a burst of action potentials lasting about 1 sec. This adaptation seems to occur during the encoding of action potentials from receptor current, since there is no evidence of adaptation in the receptor potential, and the adaptation can be demonstrated by direct electr...

abstract shah jahan, based on structural zone is located in south of kapedagh and in eastern side of aladagh mountains in 37◦ till 37◦25' northern latitude and 57◦30' till 58◦30' eastern longitude of northeastern part of iran. geomorphologic and tectonic elements show that this area is partly young and mountains can be affected highly by geomorphologic and hydrologic elem...

This paper presents a novel learning framework to provide computer game agents the ability to adapt to the player as well as other game agents. Our technique generally involves a personality adaptation module encapsulated in a reinforcement learning framework. Unlike previous work in which adaptation normally involves a decision process on every single action the agent takes, we introduce a two...

OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was recently discovered as stress-induced myokine during mitochondrial disease and proposed as key metabolic mediator of the integrated stress response (ISR) presumably causing systemic metabolic improvements. Curiously, the precise cell-non-autonomous and cell-autonomous relevance of endogenous FGF21 action remained poorly understood. METHODS We ...

Spike frequency adaptation (SFA) exists in many types of neurons, which has been demonstrated to improve their abilities to process incoming information by synapses. The major carrier used by a neuron to convey synaptic signals is the sequences of action potentials (APs), which have to consume substantial metabolic energies to initiate and propagate. Here we use conductance-based models to inve...

In this paper, we present the Spanish adaptation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). Hayes et al. (2000) developed the AAQ to assess experiential avoidance and psychological acceptance, two key concepts of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. We evaluate its psychometric properties in clinical and nonclinical sample. The results suggest that -as in the English original versionth...

In motor tasks, errors between planned and actual movements generally result in adaptive changes which reduce the occurrence of similar errors in the future. It has commonly been assumed that the motor adaptation arising from an error occurring on a particular movement is specifically associated with the motion that was planned. Here we show that this is not the case. Instead, we demonstrate th...

Due to an (effective) global environmental agreement on climate change becomes less likely in the short-term, adaptation to the inevitable consequences of global warming is now getting further emphasis. Although adaptation research is rising on the scientific agenda, this interdisciplinary field is still characterized by an evolving epistemological base. It is often difficult to operationalize ...

The mass photoreceptor response of the isolated carp retina was studied after immersing the tissue in aspartate-Ringer solution. Two electro-retinogram components were isolated by differential depth recording: a fast cornea-negative wave, arising in the receptor layer, and a slow, cornea-negative wave arising at some level proximal to the photoreceptors. Only the fast component was investigated...

In a series of experiments designed to explore the processes underlying adaptation of the sense of flutter-vibration, vibrotactile threshold was measured on the pad of the index finger, using Békésy tracking. Unadapted thresholds were first measured, for a number of frequencies (4-90 Hz) and contactor sizes (1-8 mm diameter). As expected, these measurements indicated the presence of (1) a Pacin...