This extended-abstract introduces CO-PLAN, a two-phase propositional planning system for the cost-optimal case. During the first phase, CO-PLAN constructs the n-step plangraph for increasing values of n, passing the corresponding decision problem at each stage to a modified Boolean satisfiability procedure. This procedure determines whether an nstep plan exists, and if so identifies a plan that...

The aim of the EU Drugs Strategy 2013-2020 is to contribute to a reduction in drug demand and drug supply within the EU. The Strategy has so far been implemented by an Action Plan covering the period 2013-2016. This article sets out the findings of an evaluation that assesses the degree of implementation of the Strategy and the Action Plan in terms of outputs and, where possible, impacts. It lo...

Before preparing to initiate a forthcoming motion, we often acquire information about the future action without specifying actual motor parameters. The information for planning an action at this conceptual level can be provided with verbal commands or nonverbal signals even before the associated motor targets are visible. Under these conditions, the information signifying a virtual action plan ...

Personal success is more likely to occur if individuals establish a concise action plan for achieving their goals. The action plan needs to be in writing, and it should include specific goals, success values, the tasks required to reach the goals, and the intended dates of completion of each task and goal. Goal setting can be accomplished through mental visualization of the goal. A method for c...

NB: A UK species action plan already exists for the Scottish Crossbill in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. This document aims to put this information into a European framework. Reviews This action plan should be reviewed and updated every four years. An emergency review will be undertaken if sudden major environmental changes, liable to affect the population, occur within the species' range. Sh...

Action selection can be influenced by preceding movements. The authors investigated how retrospective factors may interact with plan- versus rule-based action selection. Participants completed 2 tasks, both of which involved selecting a pronated or supinated posture. In the plan task, they chose the most comfortable hand orientation. In the rule task, they followed a learned prescription. Trial...

This paper proposes a novel method of scheduling parallel execution of planning and action for a visionmotion planning problem. A planning process can be viewed as a process of gradually reducing the plan candidates towards the final commitment to one plan. Using criteria on deciding if an action sequence is consistent with the remaining plan candidates (consistency criterion), and on when to c...

Agents with incomplete knowledge of their actions can either plan around the incompleteness, learn by querying a domain expert, or learn through trial and error. In deciding what to learn, an agent must consider whether an incomplete action feature is relevant to achieving its goals. In deciding how to learn an action feature, the agent can i) try to execute the action and passively observe the...

For mitigating climate change and adapting to whatever impacts we cannot avoid, there are no politically feasible alternatives to improvements in the U.S. Climate Change Action Plan at this time or for the foreseeable future.Yet improvements in the Action Plan have been obstructed by the diversion of attention and other resources to negotiating a binding international agreement, to developing a...

This paper presents a new algorithm for plan recognition using an action grammar formalism based on Combinatory Catagorial Grammar, that requires a significant shift in thinking about the problem of plan recognition. This approach makes significant use of the concepts of lexicalization and headedness from natural language parsing. It argues that lexicalization of action grammars can help plan r...