background: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) and vanishing testes are uncommon diseases that can result from hormonal and mechanical factors. classic cah is determined by ambiguous genitalia and increase in amount of 17-hydroxyprogesterone. simultaneous occurrence of cah and vanishing testes is a rare condition. case: a 22-year-old boy, known case of cah who was diagnosed as female pseudohe...

primary adrenal insufficiency (addison’s disease) is due to adrenocortical disease. this study is about a 40 year old man who had been referred to a hematologist who assessed him for anemia. he  had been affected by a periodic paresthesia one month prior to his visit to the physician. according to the clinical presentation, macrocytic anemia and hypersegmentation of pmn in pbs, bma/b was perfor...

background medication is one of the supplementary steps in dental treatment. dentists prescribe medicine in order to avoid post-surgery complications. to the best knowledge of the researchers, no thorough study has been carried out to review the prescribed drugs in fars province, iran. objectives the current study aimed to determine the current status of the issue and compare it with global sta...

Galanin is a regulatory 30- or 29-amino acid peptide, widely distributed in the nervous system and gut, that acts via three subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors, named GAL-R1, GAL-R2 and GAL-R3. Findings have been accumulated that galanin regulates neuroendocrine hypothalamic axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) one. Galanin and its receptors are expressed in the hypothal...

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is typically characterized by recurrent arterial and/or venous thromboses, miscarriages, and thrombocytopenia. There have been five reported cases of ARDS associated with primary APS. Adrenal insufficiency has also been reported as a rare complication of APS. We report a case of both ARDS and adrenal insufficiency associated with primary APS. Chest r...

We discuss two cases of patients affected by the carcinoid syndrome who showed adrenal over neural sympathetic predominance and a TH-2 immunological profile. Both received neuropharmacological therapy addressed to reverting this autonomic nervous system imbalance. Clinical, autonomic nervous system and immunological improvements were registered as of the first 4-week posttreatment period. No re...

: By definition, an adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic adrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g. adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma or metastasis). The purpose of ...

Subclinical Cushing syndrome (SCS) is a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormality characterized by autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with no typical signs or symptoms of Cushing syndrome. SCS patients may have adverse metabolic and cardiovascular effects due to slight, but continuous glucocorticoid secretion. Glucocorticoids also affect behavior, mood, neural activity, and a numbe...