many systemic diseases affect oral health. the aim of this research was to conduct a systematic review on the association between dental erosion (de) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) and the effect of saliva’s flow rate, buffering capacity and oral microbial changes caused by gerd. all descriptive, analytical studies up to december 2011 that have relevant objectives, proper sampling m...

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, (pap) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterized by accumulation of intra-alveolar proteinaceous material which is rich in lipid and positive on periodic acid-schiff stain. two clinically different pediatric types have been defined as congenital pap which is fulminant and fatal, and a late-onset pap which is similar to the adult form and less severe. ei...

Perseverance, above and beyond IQ, predicts academic outcomes in school age children, however, little is known about what factors affect persistence in early childhood. Here, we propose a formal Bayesian model of how children might learn how to calibrate effort from observing adult models and then explore this idea behaviorally across two experiments in children and infants. Results from Experi...

OBJECTIVE Conventional whole-head MEG systems have fixed sensor arrays designed to accommodate most adult heads. However arrays optimised for adult brain measurements are suboptimal for research with the significantly smaller heads of young children. We wished to measure brain activity in children using a novel whole-head MEG system custom sized to fit the heads of pre-school-aged children. M...

Received: December 31, 2016 Revised: March 1, 2017 Accepted: June 19, 2017 Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study on the transition to grandparenthood is to capture grandparents’ perspectives on their relationship and communication with their adult children when their adult children was expecting their first child or became new parents within the past year. More specifically, the study aime...

rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adult and children that accompany with skeletal muscle differentiation. skin metastasis of rhabdomyosarcomas is unusual and has only been sporadically reported in literature. in this paper we present a case of skin metastasis of rhabdomyosarcoma in an 8-year-old girl that has treated with chemotherapy.

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Do preschoolers think adults know more about everything than children? Or do they recognize that there are some things that children might know more about than adults? Three-, four-, and five-year-olds (N = 65) were asked to decide whether an adult or child informant would better be able to answer a variety of questions about the nutritional value of foods and about toys. Children at all ages c...

Background Most recently research on the AIDS epidemic has focused on persons who are infected by HIV in globally. However, the impact on elderly whose adult children living with AIDS has received less attention until 1990s. The impact of the epidemic extends not only infected with the virus but also affect their family members, emotionally, economically, socially, and physically. The elderly p...

cervical thymic cyst is not a common pathology encountered in either an adult or a child. our case presentation is of an infant girl with a right cervical soft mass. it was totally resected and histological analysis revealed a thymic cyst. the diagnosis of thymic cyst is not possible prior to histological examination. therefore, in children the disorder should be considered as a differential di...