abstractagriculture is considered as one of the important sectors of economic. that in the production of food and industrial crops may play an important role in economic development. in this regard human resource is very important. so that quantitative and qualitative changes in the human resources can lead to major changes in agricultural production and it influences completely agricultural pr...

This paper investigates whether employer sanctions for hiring undocumented workers introduced by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) adversely affected the hourly earnings of Latino workers in the southwestern U.S. We exploit the staggering of the sanctions and employee verification requirements across sectors to estimate this effect. In particular, IRCA's employer-sanctions prov...

Nonmetropolitan America contains almost 25 percent of the nation's population and 33 percent of its labor force. Rural residents are more likely to experience subemployment or poverty than their urban counterparts', and nonmetropolitan areas have lower wage rates and family income than urban areas. During the 1970s, rural areas benefited from a shift of manufacturing jobs from the metropolitan ...

4}} INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background. The major challenges facing Kenya today are poverty and unemployment. About 50% of the rural population and 30% of the urban population live below the poverty line. With 80% of the population being rural the poverty problem is overwhelming. The country has been unable to generate adequate employment and wage employment has been declining over the recent past. Wh...

This paper investigates the impact of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies on farm employment in Hungary and Slovenia. Econometric models were estimated separately for total labor, family hired labor. We find that and, within these, Pillar I subsidies, have positive effect paid labor Irrespective country type employment, is significantly positively associated with size. Mixed results are ...

197 Words) Since all macroeconomic policies are enacted within a certain set of distributive relations and institutional structures, the employment intensity of growth is likely to vary for men and women depending on the nature and context of output growth. The gendered nature of this growthemployment nexus is examined by analyzing the differential impacts that macroeconomic policies and struct...