Abstract— Web-winding systems such as tape drives are often modeled as linear and time-invariant (LTI), but at least two nonlinearities are common in these systems. First, the reel radii and moments of inertia change as web media spools from one reel to another. Second, friction can draw a thin layer of air between the layers of web media wrapped on the takeup reel, making the system’s spring a...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is universally accepted as a potential lifesaving therapy for neonates suffering severe cardiorespiratory failure, with survival reported as 81% weaning off ECMO and 69% to hospital discharge in this population. Although ECMO may reduce mortality in certain neonatal patients, it is associated with significant complications. Air in the circuit complicat...

At impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface, an air bubble can be entrapped. Here, we show that two competing effects minimize the (relative) size of this entrained air bubble: for large drop impact velocity and large droplets, the inertia of the liquid flattens the entrained bubble, whereas for small impact velocity and small droplets, capillary forces minimize the entrained bubble. However,...

Plunging wave breaking is of great importance to ship hydrodynamics, including strong turbulence with large amounts of air entrainment, bubbles, droplets, jets, and spray. Previous experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies on plunging wave breaking are mainly focused on the global structures of the wave breaking, such as wave elevation, jet, air cavity, an...

In the last three decades the design of stepped spillways regained some interest because of their suitability with new construction methods including gabion placement. In this study, the hydraulic performances of gabion stepped weirs were investigated experimentally in terms of the air-water flow properties and energy dissipation rate. A physical study was performed in a relatively large size f...

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Entrainment of air following exploration of posterior cranial fossa in the sitting position was studied in five patients. Intracranial pressure was monitored through a ventriculostomy catheter after closure of the dura. In three patients nitrous oxide was added to the breathing mixture only after the baseline intracranial pressure had stabilised following closure of the dura. A marked rise in i...

In our experiment, an interface between a viscous liquid and air is deformed by a sink flow of constant flow rate to form a sharp tip. Using a microscope, the interface shape is recorded down to a tip size of 1 microm. The curvature at the tip is controlled by the distance h between the tip and the sink. As a critical distance h*is approached, the curvature diverges like 1/(h-h*)3and the tip be...

A flotation bank is a serial arrangement of cells. How to optimally operate a bank remains a challenge. This article reviews three reported strategies: air profiling, mass-pull (froth velocity) profiling and Peak Air Recovery (PAR) profiling. These are all ways of manipulating the recovery profile down a bank, which may be the property being exploited. Mathematical analysis has shown that a fla...