The transition to alternative fuels and vehicles presents many challenges that require long-range strategic thought and planning. Fuel producers must make expensive infrastructure decisions about which fuels to support years before they are sold. Vehicle producers must commit to new drivetrains on a similar long-range schedule. Whichever technologies prevail, hydrogen fuel cell, PHEV, BEV or bi...

Metals contained in the waste transfer to the waste incineration products, including flue gas, fly ash, and bottom ash, as different oxide, nitride, carbides, and other phases. Most of the metal-based phases formed in incineration are toxic and their emissions need to be strictly controlled. Therefore, behavior of metal species during incineration must be well understood. Such understanding is ...

The global rise of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and its potentially devastating consequences require a comprehensive regulatory framework for reducing emissions, including those from the transport sector. Alternative fuels and technologies have been promoted as a means for reducing the carbon intensity of the transport sector. However, the overall transport policy framework in major world eco...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org F fires have swept into public and policy awareness over the past several decades, with an increase in the frequency of large fires in western North America (Westerling et al. 2006). At the same time, human settlements and other infrastructure are impinging on the wildland interface at an unprecedented rate, resulting in annual US f...

In this paper, we introduce a modified interpretation of the water activity presented in Springer et al. [T.E. Springer, T.A. Zawodzinski, S. ottesfeld, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell model, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (8) (1991) 2334–2342]. The modification directly affects the membrane ater transport between the anode and the cathode (two electrodes) of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel...

Three satellite fire detection models (threshold, contexburned over 2.7 million ha within Alaska (Table 1). Most of the area burned in Alaska is from wildfires caused by tual, and fuel mask) were compared and evaluated using lightning in remote regions. Because of the remoteness National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administraand large area of Alaska, a timely and cost-effective tion (NOAA)-11...

This study investigates combustion clouds embedded in unconfined spherical explosions. Two charge configurations are considered: a 0.5-g spherical PETN booster surrounded by a spherical shell of either 1-g of TNT solid or of 1-g of Aluminum (Al) powder; these provide the fuel for the combustion process. Detonation of booster disperses the fuel, whose expansion drives a blast wave into the surro...

INTRODUCTION Anthropogenic plutonium has been introduced into the environment over the past 50 years as the result of the detonation of nuclear weapons and operational releases from the nuclear industry. In the Arctic environment, the main source of plutonium is from atmospheric weapons testing, which have resulted in a relatively uniform, underlying global distribution of plutonium. Other rele...