The covid-19 pandemic has been affecting MSME actors significantly. One of the problems faced by due to this pandemic, is difficulty in collecting business capital. Therefore, Indonesian Government presents crowdfunding as a solution. itself intends strengthen financially and encounter investors one platform. Crowdfunding collects funds from community managed provider institution. In case, info...

This paper explores the social organization of disaster recovery, using Hurricane Katrina to supply context for the theoretical effort. That effort distinguishes two contrasting models of political economy. The conventional model treats the state as a unitary actor that stands outside the economy and uses policy instruments to shift society to some different equilibrium. The alternative model t...

This paper constructs a macroeconomic model of North-South interaction where the flow of narcotics from the South to the North is restricted. Their economic effects are akin to quantitative restrictions in trade policy. Two alternative policy scenarios will be considered. One involves reducing the supply of drugs at source, accompanied by aid. Supply side restrictions have negative aggregate su...

This paper explores the social and political imperatives in the sphere of public policy relating to social justice. In India, the colonial legacy and post-colonial social and political pressures sustained the appropriation of ‘caste’ category in allocating public resources to the backward class of citizens. For several reasons, ‘economic’ category could not be placed in allocating resources. Th...

Recent policy applications of control theory methods in dynamic economic models raise the issue of imposing the transversality condition for determining a unique optimal control policy. In a stochastic framework this issue involves alternative methods of estimation, which are discussed here both theoretically and empirically. The economic implications of the alternative methods are analyzed her...

Complementary alternative health care presents fascinating challenges and opportunities for health policy and research - from issues of definition to training and licensing, to insurance reimbursement and evidence regarding clinical efficacy and outcomes. Complementary alternative health care is utilized by a substantial proportion of the population both now and likely in the future and require...