We present the first coordinated observations of quasi-periodic (QP) radar echoes from sporadic-E (Es) field-aligned irregularities (FAIs), OI 557.7-nm airglow, and neutral winds in a common volume over Shigaraki, Japan (34.9 N, 136.1 E) on the night of 5 August 2002 during the SEEK-2 campaign. QP echo altitudes of 90–110 km were lower than usual by 10 km, enabling us to make a detailed compari...

Climate conditions tend to differ along an altitudinal gradient, resulting in some species groups' patterns of lower species richness with increasing altitude. While this pattern is well understood for tropical mountains, studies investigating possible determinants of variation in beta-diversity at its different altitudes are scarce. We sampled bee and wasp communities (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) a...

Un-manned aerial vehicle (UAVs) have the potential to change the landscape of wide-area wireless connectivity by bringing them to areas where connectivity was sparing or non-existent (e.g. rural areas) or has been compromised due to disasters. While Google’s Project Loon and Facebook’s Project Aquila are examples of high-altitude, long-endurance UAV-based connectivity efforts in this direction,...

[1] Lightning observations in the very high frequency band and measurements of ultra low frequency magnetic fields are analyzed to investigate the charge transfer and in-cloud structure of eight positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) strokes in a mesoscale convective system. Although no high altitude images were recorded, these strokes contained large charge moment changes (1500–3200 C km) capable of p...

Recent observations by the FAST satellite have identified numerous occurrences in the downward auroral current region of fast solitary structures with a characteristic size of a few local Debye lengths. We utilize a 2.5D electrostatic particle-in-cell code to investigate the generation of such structures by the interaction of narrow energetic electron beams with a gravitationally-bound exponent...

An extensive malacological survey was carried out between 2005-2009 in order to clarify the exact number of lymnaeid species which may be intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica in Venezuela. Four species were discovered during this survey, including two local species: Lymnaea cubensis and Lymnaea cousini and two exotic species: Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea columella. The most common local sp...

to investigate the influence of hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on embryonic developmentand hatching events, and consequently on incidence of ascites in broiler chickens, one thousand fertile eggswere incubated in two commercial incubators. half the eggs were incubated in a low altitude incubator untilhatched. the second half were incubated in a high altitude incubator until day 10...

Living at high altitude is one of the most difficult challenges that humans had to cope with during their evolution. Whereas several genomic studies have revealed some of the genetic bases of adaptations in Tibetan, Andean, and Ethiopian populations, relatively little evidence of convergent evolution to altitude in different continents has accumulated. This lack of evidence can be due to truly ...

BACKGROUND Studies show that the well-prepared traveller is less likely to suffer travel related illness. This study is designed to examine trekkers' knowledge of altitude sickness in an attempt to see whether knowledge can protect against acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high altitude pulmonary or cerebral oedema (HAPE/HACE). METHODS A convenience sample of 130 trekkers were interviewed in ...

The high-altitude transverse valleys [>3,000 m above sea level (masl)] of the Himalayan arc from Arunachal Pradesh to Ladahk were among the last habitable places permanently colonized by prehistoric humans due to the challenges of resource scarcity, cold stress, and hypoxia. The modern populations of these valleys, who share cultural and linguistic affinities with peoples found today on the Tib...