Reassortment, which is the rearrangement of viral gene segments in a host cell infected with two different viruses, is an important mechanism for the evolution of influenza viruses. Mixed infections with multiple virus types could lead to reassortment. To better understand the occurrence of quasispecies in a single host, we investigated mixed infections in individual isolates of seasonal influe...

In the present study we found that repeated co-treatment with fluoxetine and amantadine for 14 days (but not for 7 days) enhanced the hyperactivity induced by amphetamine or quinpirole (a dopamine D(2/3) agonist), compared to treatment with either drug alone. Whereas repeated co-treatment with fluoxetine and amantadine for 7 days more potently inhibited the behavioral syndrome evoked by the 5-h...

We examined the incidence of amantadine-resistant influenza AH3 viruses isolated in Nara Prefecture during the 2005-06 winter season. The genetic analyses of the M2 ion channel protein were conducted using reverse transcriptase PCR and direct sequencing. Thirteen out of 18 (72.2%) strains were identified as amantadine-resistant, and this incidence was remarkably higher than those previously rec...

Introduction and purpose: The pandemic of COVID-19 has induced patients to use different ways struggle with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Amantadine become more popular as a supportive drug in the treatment symptoms. This report presents case young, previously healthy woman hospitalized Toxicology Cardiology Department because acute psychosis by amantadine intoxication. Brief description state knowledg...

not rely on OCT1 transporter activity. Functional OCT1 activity was determined by subtracting the uptake in the presence of amantadine, a specific OCT1 inhibitor according to the authors, from the uptake observed in unmanipulated cells. Examination of the data presented in their Figure 2 suggest that the IUR of imatinib in the absence of 500 mM of amantadine was increased by;50% in OCT1-transfe...

We previously reported several new M2 inhibitors as active as amantadine against influenza A virus and validated by three types of in vitro assays. Herein, we further modified one of the most potent hits in a viral inhibition assay and conducted structure-activity relationship studies on this scaffold. As a result, compound 8e was identified to be the most potent inhibitor against wild-type inf...

The limited efficacy of existing antiviral therapies for influenza--coupled with widespread baseline antiviral resistance--highlights the urgent need for more effective therapy. We describe a triple combination antiviral drug (TCAD) regimen composed of amantadine, oseltamivir, and ribavirin that is highly efficacious at reducing mortality and weight loss in mouse models of influenza infection. ...

The mechanisms responsible for drug resistance in the Asn31 variant of the M2 protein of influenza A are not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on wild-type (Ser31) and S31N influenza A M2 in the homotetramer configuration. After evaluation of 13 published M2 structures, a solid-state NMR structure with amantadine bound was selected for simulations, an S31N mutant st...