Conclusions: Crystals forming mineral blocks of mostly compact matter are nucleated on organic substrates, with their growth controlled by the diffusion of building units through the virtually stagnant layer of interstitial fluid wetting the deposit surface. Preferentially formed precursors of hydroxyapatite, dicalcium, octacalcium and/or amorphous calcium phosphate, are in later stages of depo...

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is an essential mineral phase formed in mineralized tissues and the first commercial product as artificial hydroxyapatite. ACP is unique among all forms of calcium phosphates in that it lacks long-range, periodic atomic scale order of crystalline calcium phosphates. The X-ray diffraction pattern is broad and diffuse with a maximum at 25 degree 2 theta, and no o...

In milk, a stable fluid is formed in which sequestered nanoclusters of calcium phosphate are substructures in casein micelles. As a result, calcium and phosphate concentrations in milk can be far in excess of their solubility. Variations of calcium, phosphate and casein concentrations in milks, both within and among species, are mainly due to the formation of the nanocluster complexes. Caseins ...

Introduction: Bone, as a hard biological tissue, consists of cells resided in the bone matrix, which is made by an organic (primarily collagen (90%) and 10% amorphous ground substance) and a mineral phase. The main constituents of bone mineral are calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. The mineral components consist mainly of hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous calcium phosphate. Bone acts ...

background: casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) is applied for remineralization of early caries lesions or tooth sensitivity conditions and may affect subsequent resin bonding. this in vitro study investigated the effect of cpp-acp on the shear bond strength of dental adhesives to enamel. materials and methods: sixty extracted human molar teeth were selected and randomly...

When calcium and phosphate ions were mixed so that their final concentration was 4 mmol/1 and the pH was kept at 7-0, an amorphous precipitate immediately formed and this changed into crystalline material with an apatite-like structure after a period of time. The formation of either or both types of precipitate could be slowed down or prevented by adding to the crystallising medium trace amount...

calcium acetate is used as an oral phosphate binder to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. compared to calcium carbonate, control of hyperphosphatemia can be achieved at lower calcium administration with calcium acetate which likely reduces the risk of hypercalcemia. in this study, various formulations of calcium acetate tablets were prepared and their disintegrati...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the fluoride uptake into incipient enamel lesions of a novel 970 ppm F- ion SnF2 over-the-counter (OTC) gel (Enamelon Preventive Treatment Gel) and a novel 1150 ppm F- ion OTC toothpaste (Enamelon), each delivering amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), to the uptake from two different prescription strength, 5000 ppm F- ion dentifrices c...

A sustainable way to recover phosphorus (P) in swine wastewater involves a preliminary step of P dissolution followed by the separation of particulate organic matter. The next two steps are firstly the precipitation of struvite crystals done by adding a crystallization reagent (magnesia) and secondly the filtration of the crystals. A design of experiments with five process parameters was set up...

This paper describes novel and innovative amorphous calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate (ACMFP) core-shell microparticles that may be applied in preventive dentistry for the prevention of caries treatment dentin hypersensitivity. The particles can synthesized with varied content, up to approximately 6 wt%, without any observable differences morphology or crystallinity. Fluoride release from is...