A manganese immobilization technology in a fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) was developed by using a waste iron oxide (i.e., BT-3) as catalyst which is a by-product from the fluidized-bed Fenton reaction (FBR-Fenton). It was found that BT-3 could easily reduce potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to MnO2. Furthermore, MnO2 could accumulate on the surface of BT-3 catalyst to form a new Fe-Mn oxide. Laborat...

Due to its structure, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) is a slowly biodegradable substance, hydrolysing in acid environment to ammonium and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is toxic under normal conditions for biological treatment processes. Following an adaptation, a formaldehyde concentration of 1000 mg·l may become biodegradable both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Acidic conditions for hydrolysi...

Metals like Fe, Ca, Mn present in sewage sludge ash have been deposited on high surface -alumina with high mechanical resistance used as bed materials during sewage sludge fluidized bed combustion to produce low-cost CLC oxygen carriers. The produced oxygen carriers have been characterized using ICP-MS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface area (BET) analysis....

Nanoparticles (NPs) are applied in a wide range of processes, and their use continues to increase. Fluidization is one of the best techniques available to disperse and process NPs. NPs cannot be fluidized individually; they fluidize as very porous agglomerates. The objective of this article is to review the developments in nanopowder fluidization. Often, it is needed to apply an assistance meth...

this study investigated the effect, on reactor performance and biomass retention inside the bed, of the material used to make the supports of anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. three inert supports of similar shape but made of three different materials polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene were manufactured and used. all three supports had the same specific surface area but di...

Process development, cheaper bioreactor cost, and faster fermentation rate can aid in reducing the cost of fermentation. In this article, these ideas were combined in developing a previously introduced textile bioreactor for ethanol production. The bioreactor was developed to utilize flocculating yeast for ethanol production under anaerobic conditions. A mixing system, which works without aerat...

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