Platelets are highly specialized blood cells critically involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family have established roles in regulating platelet function and thrombosis, but the molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In particular, the conventional PKC isoform, PKCα, is a major regulator of platelet granule secretion, but the molecular pathway ...

Serglycin (SG), the hematopoietic cell secretory granule proteoglycan, is crucial for storage of specific secretory proteins in mast cells, neutrophils, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We addressed the role of SG in platelets using SG-/- mice. Wild-type (WT) but not SG-/- platelets contained chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Electron microscopy revealed normal alpha-granule structure in SG-/- pla...

Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is an inherited bleeding disorder associated with macrothrombocytopenia and α-granule-deficient platelets. GPS has been linked to loss of function mutations in NBEAL2 (neurobeachin-like 2), and we describe here a murine GPS model, the Nbeal2 mouse. As in GPS, Nbeal2 mice exhibit splenomegaly, macrothrombocytopenia and a deficiency of platelet α-granules and their ca...

Bacillus subtilis grows in the absence of oxygen using nitrate ammonification and various fermentation processes. Lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol were identified in the growth medium as the major anaerobic fermentation products by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Lactate formation was found to be dependent on the lctEP locus, encoding lactate dehydrogenase and a putative lacta...

SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCB1 (INI1) are tumor suppressor genes that are crucially involved in the formation of malignant rhabdoid tumors, such as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). AT/RTs typically affect infants and occur at various sites of the CNS with a particular frequency in the cerebellum. Here, granule neurons and their progenitors represent the most abundant cell type and are know...

After enzyme secretion the membrane of the secretory granule, which had been fused to the cell membrane, was resorbed into the cell. Experiments were therefore carried out to test whether formation of new secretory granules involves reutilization of the resorbed membrane or synthesis of a new membrane, de novo, from amino acids. Incorporation of amino acids-(14)C into proteins of various cell f...

Exposure of horse platelets to thrombin has been reported to cause nearly complete inactivation of cyclooxygenase within 30 sec. This contrasts with the observation that human platelets. depleted of their granule constituents by stimulation with thrombin. still aggregate in response to arachidonic acid, a reaction presumably mediated by thromboxane A2 (TxA2) formation. Because of this conflicti...

Platelets are highly specialized blood cells critically involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family have established roles in regulating platelet function and thrombosis, but the molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In particular, the conventional PKC isoform, PKC , is a major regulator of platelet granule secretion, but the molecular pathway ...

In the pharmaceutical industry high hear granulation is a commonly used process step in the production of a solid formulation. Because of regulatory guidelines and product quality assurance, an important granule requirement is homogeneity. However, often granule inhomogeneity is observed, expressed as a granule size-dependent variation in composition of the granules [1-4]. As a consequence of s...

Some characteristics of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), Expended Granule Sludge Blanket (EGSB), and Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) were investigated in order to compare performances of the three and recognize advantages and disadvantages, respectively. The UASB reactor is developed in the late 1970s and became rapidly widespread due to great performances. With granules, this reactor...