Introduction: The position of the sphenopalatine artery is essential for the endoscopic treatment of severe posterior epistaxis. This artery passes through its own foramen, which has a wide range of locations and anatomic relations. Objective: To carry out a descriptive osteological study on the sphenopalatine foramen area. Its anatomy, size, position and relations with turbinates and choanae a...

Evaluation of swallowing has been made possible by cine-Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with high time resolution. However, the spatial resolution in cine-MR imaging remains inadequate for the detection of anatomical structures. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to static MR images in conjunction with cine-MR imaging. The aim of this study was to determine which MR parameters were appropriate...

BACKGROUND Caudal block is a common technique in children for reducing postoperative pain, and there have been several reports on the variations of the sacral canal in children. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the needle trajectory for caudal block, and there is limited information on the structural variations of the sacrum in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze ...

Background: The architecture of adult ulna is unique among long bones that have been described in the literature. But the best of our knowledge, the dorsal angulation of proximal ulna has not been described in detail. While using newer straight precontoured ulnar plates, the recognition of PUDA is important anatomic landmark for surgeons treating proximal ulna fractures, nonunions, malunions or...

INTRODUCTION The position of the sphenopalatine artery is essential for the endoscopic treatment of severe posterior epistaxis. This artery passes through its own foramen, which has a wide range of locations and anatomic relations. OBJECTIVE To carry out a descriptive osteological study on the sphenopalatine foramen area. Its anatomy, size, position and relations with turbinates and choanae a...

In highly regulated environments, where a set of norms defines accepted behaviour, protocols provide a way to reduce complexity by giving direct, step by step guidelines for behaviour, as long as the protocols comply with the norms. In this work we propose a formal framework to design a protocol from a normative specification. In order to be able to connect (descriptive) norms with (operational...

results out of the 129 elderly participants, aged between 60-87 years (mean: 66.71 ± 6.21), males constituted 58.1% (n = 75) of patients and female were 41.9% (n = 54). normal variations of oral mucosa were observed in 62% (n = 80) of patients, while 44.2% (n = 57) had oral mucosal lesions. normal variations were significantly associated with smoking (or = 1.2), while denture wearers were at hi...

We describe a model-based method of generating realistic mass lesions and placing them in appropriate locations on normal mammogram backgrounds. These lesions are highly irregular in shape and have no consistent internal landmarks. Thin plate splines are used both in modelling the background to each lesion, and to warp examples when training an appearance model.

We describe a new approach to modelling the appearance of structures in grey-level images. We assume that both the shape and grey-levels of the structures can vary from one image to another, and that a number of example images are available for training. A 2-D image can be thought of as a surface in 3 dimensions, with the third dimension being the grey-level intensity at each image point. We ca...