The same contestants often meet repeatedly in contests. Behavior in a contest potentially provides information with regard to one’s type and can therefore in‡uence the behavior of the opponents in later contests. This paper shows that if e¤ort is observable, this can induce a ratchet e¤ect in contests: high ability contestants sometimes put in little e¤ort in an early round in order to make the...

Parallel and distributed programming is intrinsically more di cult than sequential programming, yet few e ective tools or methodologies have been developed to help programmers understand the behavior of their parallel programs. Browsing source code and tracing program output are tedious and often ine ective approaches for parallel program understanding. Program visualization, which relates a pr...

O ine narrowing-driven partial evaluation is a recent technique for the specialization of functional and functional logic programs. In this work, we describe novel control strategies that can be used to design a powerful narrowingdriven partial evaluator.

Narrowing-driven partial evaluation (NPE) is a powerful technique for the specialization of rewrite systems. Although it gives good results on small programs, it does not scale up well to realistic problems (e.g., interpreter specialization). In this work, we introduce a faster partial evaluation scheme by ensuring the termination of the process o ine. For this purpose, we rst characterize a cl...

This paper proposes tests of policy ine¤ectiveness in the context of macroeconometric rational expectations models. It is assumed that there is a policy intervention that takes the form of changes in the parameters of a policy rule, and that there are su¢ cient observations before and after the intervention. The test is based on the di¤erence between the realisations of the outcome variable of ...

BACKGROUND Elevated total homocyst(e)ine levels (>/=11 micromol/L) have been identified as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, the benefits expected from lowering homocyst(e)ine levels with folic acid and vitamin B(12) supplementation have yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We constructed a decision analytic model to estimate the clinical ...

in the real world there are groups which composed of independent units. the conventional data envelopment analysis(dea) model treats groups as units, ignoring the operation of individual units within each group.the current paper, investigates parallel system network approach proposed by kao and modifies it. as modied kao' model is more eligible to recognize ecient groups, a new ranking m...