Gain equalization of an EDFA is performed by introducing spectrally designed all-fiber filters in the midstage of a dual-stage fiber amplifier. Two types of filters are studied: a cascade of narrow-band Bragg gratings for discrete equalization of a finite number of channels and a wide-band Bragg grating performing equalization over the whole 1539 nm to 1557 nm range. In future work, it is plann...

Histogram equalization is one of the common tools for improving contrast in digital photography, remote sensing, medical imaging, and scientific visualization. It is a process for recovering lost contrast in an image by remapping the brightness values in such a way that equalizes or more evenly distributes its brightness values. However, Histogram Equalization may significantly change the brigh...

This paper shows how a popular system of federal revenue equalization grants can limit tax competition among subnational governments, correct fiscal externalities, and increase government spending. Remarkably, an equalization grant can implement efficient policy choices by regional governments, regardless of a wide variety of differences in regional tax capacity, tastes for public spending, and...

In this paper, we study the problem of robust speech recognition in adverse environments. We focus our attention to the following two types of distortions: 1) the additive noise distortion, 2) the channel mismatch distortion. The maximum likelihood (ML) equalization technique is used to compensate for these distortions. Performance of the ML technique is compared with the following channel equa...

In recent years, the ambition to achieve very high data rates in wireless communication systems has fuelled the study of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures and has resulted in the need for more advanced equalization techniques. Currently, the wireless industry is at a point where typical time-domain equalization solutions are becoming too complex to implement in MIMO systems. I...

In this paper, we formulate the problem of blind equalization of constant modulus (CM) signals as a convex optimization problem. The convex formulation is obtained by performing an algebraic transformation on the direct formulation of the CM equalization problem. Using this transformation, the original nonconvex CM equalization formulation is turned into a convex semidefinite program (SDP) that...

The main purpose of this paper is to design a charge equalization circuit for series connected lead-acid batteries. The charger utilizes a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) AC/DC converter with voltage balance control to charge the series connected rechargeable battery strings. This paper details the operation principles of the charge equalization circuit under different operation modes a...

Single-carrier linear modulation techniques combined with frequency-domain equalization provide a viable alternative to multicarrier techniques for combating multipath fading in channels with large delay spread. Such modulations tolerate frequency offset and have well controlled peak to average power ratio. They have comparable complexity to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sys...

In conventional design of a digital receiver, the timing recovery system and the equalizer are considered separately. Actually, the two processes are coupled and interacted. The paper proposes a batch scheme for jointly performing blind equalization and timing recovery, that embeds the timing recovery process inside the batch blind equalization algorithm. The proposed scheme adds the timing off...

In this paper we consider iterative channel estimation, equalization, and decoding, or adaptive Turbo equalization, as a receiver technology for digital communication systems where the channel imposes time-varying intersymbol interference. We show how a semianalytical technique called EXIT charts, originally developed by S. ten Brink for analysis of Turbo codes, can be used to predict the perfo...