BackgroundSerum uric acid (SUA) has been found to be an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the reports pertaining link between levels among androgenic, non-androgenic (clinical) PCOS subjects are conflicting. Hence, it was aimed determine incidence of hyperuricmia and its association subjects.MethodologyA single centre hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in...

Performance enhancing agents (PEAs) are substances used to improve any form of activity performed by humans. These widely athletes and body builders. Being a frequent subject controversy in the sporting world, use performance-enhancing drugs has shown disturbing growth over past fifty years. The enhance human performance sports occurred at least since time original Olympic Games (from 776 393 B...

Androgenic status affects rat preadipocyte adipose conversion from two deep intra-abdominal (epididymal and perirenal) fat depots differently. The aim of this study was to establish whether these site-specific alterations of adipogenesis are related to altered expressions of the transcriptional factors regulating proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, c-myc and CCAAT/enhancer bindi...

The aim of this study was to explore and describe total drug use among anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users and the reasons given for the use of these drugs. The study was based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaires involving 32 patients who were attending an addiction centre in Orebro, Sweden, for AAS use. The results indicated that a history of polysubstance use among the patien...

Monogamy as a social system has been both a scientific puzzle and a sociocultural issue for decades. In this review, we examine social monogamy from a comparative perspective with a focus on primates, our closest genetic relatives. We break down monogamy into component elements, including pair-bonding and partner preference, mate guarding or jealousy, social attachment, and biparental care. Our...

The kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP) gene is exclusively expressed in proximal tubules of mouse kidney and in the uterus of pregnant females before they give birth. It displays an exquisite and differential regulation of expression by steroid and thyroid hormones (THs) in different proximal tubule segments. Whereas the pars recta (PR cells) responds to thyroid and sexual hormones, the pa...

Androgens are essential for male development and reproductive function. They are transported to their site of action as blood-borne endocrine hormones but can also be produced within tissues to act in intracrine and paracrine fashions. Because of this, circulating concentrations may not accurately reflect the androgenic influence within specific tissue microenvironments. Mass spectrometry imagi...

Members of the insulin family of hormones are generally not regarded as gender-specific, although there is sporadic evidence for the possible involvement of insulin pathways in sexual differentiation. In crustaceans, sexual differentiation is controlled by the androgenic gland (AG), an organ unique to males. To date, attempts to identify active AG factors in decapods through either classical pu...

BACKGROUND Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) which influences the ovarian structure and function. We assessed the effects of ND on the ovarian volume, number of primordial follicles, and level of hormones and also evaluated the modulatory effects of gonadotropins on the histopathological changes imposed by the administration of ND. METHODS Six groups of Sprague...

There are several androgen deficiency models that can be used to study the effects of pro-androgenic agents such as Eurycoma longifolia (EL). Suitable model must be chosen so that the androgenic effects of the agents tested could be demonstrated. As an example, EL was postulated to produce androgenic effects by stimulating the testosterone release by the testes. This makes the orchidectomy rat ...