Understanding the historical dynamics of animal species is critical for accurate prediction of their response to climate changes. During the late Quaternary period, Southeast Asia had a larger land area than today due to lower sea levels, and its terrestrial landscape was covered by extensive forests and savanna. To date, however, the distribution fluctuation of vegetation and its impacts on ge...

The prevalence of cryptosporidial infection among captive wild animals and birds in Sanda Kyarimi Park, Maiduguri, north-eastern Nigeria, was evaluated by faecal examination for oocysts using three different staining techniques: the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Giemsa, and Safranin-methylene blue. A total of 66 captive wild animals and birds were examined based on age and sex differences. Fifteen (2...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male broiler chickens in the period from 21 to 42 days of age fed diets with increasing levels of sunflower meal (sm) supplemented with an enzyme complex (ec). a total of 1920 animals of the cobb strain were distributed in a randomized block design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (four sm levels and three enzymes utilization types)...

Wolves, foxes, birds, caterpillars, and snails are animals, and there are some of each of them. Also there are some grains, and grains are plants. Every animal either likes to eat all plants or all animals much smaller than itself that like to eat some plants. Gaterpillars and snails are much smaller than birds, which are much:' smaller than foxes, which in turn are much smaller than wolves. Wo...

Although the size of an organism is influenced by many features of its environment, the relationship between temperature and body size has captivated generations of biologists. From the renowned observations by Bergmann (1847) to the phylogenetic comparative studies by our contemporaries (e.g., Ashton et al., 2000), evidence of a widespread relationship between temperature and adult body size h...

Hand rearing is a common procedure in behavioural research on birds. While likely to produce tamer experimental animals, there is a risk that it could induce pathological changes in brain and behaviour similar to those seen in mammals that have experienced maternal separation. We explored the effects of hand rearing on the cognitive and behavioural development of European starlings, Sturnus vul...

The aim of this study is to model the growth samples four varieties (White, Black, Partridge, Franciscan) Spanish Utrerana hen breed, which endangered, by using Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst, Logistic and Gompertz models. For purpose, a total 16,235 weight data observations from 2004 animals reared in free range system were collected. was best suited for predicting biological curve White var...