BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been discovered in several inflammatory conditions; however, there are no data associated with cutaneous anthrax. The aim of this study was to investigate serum ADA activity in patients with cutaneous anthrax. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen patients with cutaneous anthrax and 17 healthy controls were enrolled. We measured ADA activity; periphera...

Unresolved scientific questions, remaining ten years after the anthrax attacks, three years after the FBI accused a dead man of perpetrating the 2001 anthrax attacks singlehandedly, and more than a year since they closed the case without further investigation, indictment or trial, are perpetuating serious concerns that the FBI may have accused the wrong person of carrying out the anthrax attack...

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: interim recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001;50:1014-6. 7. Henderson DW, Peacock S, Belton FC. Observations on the prophylaxis of experimental pulmonary anthrax in the monkey. J Hyg 1956;54:28-36. 8. Langmuir A, Popova I, S...

Anthrax has become endemic throughout the upper Zambezi floodplain located in the Western Province of Zambia over the recent years. To date, no comprehensive study has been carried out to determine whether recurrence of anthrax outbreaks may be linked to differences in precipitation and human activities. Retrospective data for the period 1999 to 2007 showed that a total of 1,216 bovine cases of...

Bacillus anthracis infection (anthrax) has three distinct clinical presentations depending on the route of exposure: cutaneous, gastrointestinal and inhalational anthrax. Each of these can lead to secondary bacteraemia and anthrax meningitis. Since 2009,anthrax has emerged among heroin users in Europe,presenting a novel clinical manifestation, 'injectional anthrax', which has been attributed to...

CONTEXT Substantial concern surrounds the potential health effects of the anthrax vaccine, particularly the potential adverse effects on reproductive processes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether receipt of anthrax vaccination by reproductive-aged women has an effect on pregnancy rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Cohort study, based on information from a computer database, of women aged 17 t...

Anthrax toxin, a major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, gains entry into target cells by binding to either of 2 von Willebrand factor A domain-containing proteins, tumor endothelium marker-8 (TEM8) and capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG2). The wide tissue expression of TEM8 and CMG2 suggest that both receptors could play a role in anthrax pathogenesis. To explore the roles of TEM8 an...

Because cutaneous anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is rare in developed countries, sporadic cases of anthrax may easily be overlooked because the diagnosis is often difficult to make. Lower eyelid involvement of anthrax is rare in clinical practice. A 40-year-old woman with a history of contact with animals was evaluated and treated for a left lower eyelid lesion with a black eschar on it...

We report a common-source outbreak of anthrax meningoencephalitis in Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh, southern India, in October 1990. The source of infection was the carcass of a sheep. Of 5 persons who skinned and cut up its meat for human consumption, 4 developed anthrax meningoencephalitis and one a malignant pustule. Another person who wrapped the meat in a cloth and carried it home on...

Anthrax is a worldwide zoonosis of herbivores, which is caused by the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis, and humans become infected when they are exposed to infected animals and their tissues or the organism directly. In this report, we present a 13-year-old boy who developed eyelid anthrax after contact with a sheep carcass during his summer holiday that resulted in eyelid anthrax and ...