In a recent issue of Critical Care, we read with interest the article by Trupka et al. [1], who investigated the utility of an enhanced antimicrobial de-escalation (EAD) program in mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia. They found that the EAD program did not affect the rate of antibiotic de-escalation or the duration of antibiotic therapy in intensive care units (ICUs). We ...

A patient required mitral valve replacement following ineffective antibiotic treatment of enterococcal endocarditis caused by Streptococcus faecium. Endocarditis had relapsed despite therapy with ampicillin and tobramycin for six weeks. A second relapse had occurred following treatment with penicillin and gentamicin. Initial failure of antibiotic therapy may be related to the known lack of in v...

Intervention: Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, subjects were randomly assigned to a) undergo bronchoalveolar lavage with quantitative culture of the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid or endotracheal aspiration with nonquantitative culture of the aspirate, and to b) receive empirical combination antibiotic therapy or monotherapy. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated in all patients until cultur...

Abstract Antibiotic overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance, which is a threat public health. stewardship practice dedicated prescribing antibiotics only when necessary and, are considered necessary, promoting the use of appropriate agent(s), dose, duration, and route therapy optimize clinical outcomes while minimizing unintended consequences use. Because there differences in common infect...

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent bacteria that can harm humans due to its major involvement in developing gastrointestinal diseases, particularly gastric cancer. Therefore, eradicating H. one of the most important strategies for preventing Antibiotic treatment has always been gold standard infection. However, decreasing efficacy antibiotic therapy rising resistance and high incidence d...

BACKGROUND In this study, we characterised the microbiota present in the faeces of 15- and 46-week-old egg laying hens before and after tetracycline or streptomycin therapy. In the first experiment, the layers were subjected to 7 days of therapy. In the second experiment, the hens were subjected to two days of therapy, which was repeated for an additional two days after 12 days of antibiotic wi...

The recent paper by Haaber et al. (1) highlights another mechanism by which bacterial pathogens may evade the effects of antibiotics. The combination of colistin with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus may be antagonistic and may lessen the effectiveness of glycopeptide antibiotic. Colistin, it seems, induces gene expression in S. aureus which mimics the vancomycinintermediate (VISA) phen...

Antibiotics are an indispensable part of modern medicine. Many infectious diseases caused by bacteria are fatal without antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the empirical use of antibiotics is the basic component of many therapies. However, due to increasing resistance and the increased incidence of long underestimated problematic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumanii complex, every medical stud...

/Ag/ml; strain2-MIC 1 ,g/ml, MBC 2 ,g/ml. Animals were treated with either ampicillin or chloramphenicol in dosages that achieved a peak bactericidal effect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for ampicillin against both strains. Two different dosages were used for chloramphenicol. The first dosage achieved a peak CSF concentration of 4.4±1.1 gg/ml that produced a bacteriostatic effect against strainI...

Background The concept of using antibiotics to treat Scleroderma stems from research done initially by Thomas M Brown, MD at the National Institutes of Health, Johns Hopkins and the Rockefeller Institute. Brown used antibiotic therapy to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases based on the theory that arthritic diseases, including Scleroderma, are caused by mycoplasma or bacterial infections. My...