Antimicrobial resistance threatens many of modern medicine’s greatest achievements. Although antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally or can be acquired through gene transfer, antimicrobial use promotes the selection of resistant microbes. Any inappropriately or incorrectly prescribed antimicrobial drives this selection pressure. Frontline antimicrobial stewards see the consequences of inappro...

OBJECTIVES To determine the temporal relationship between antibiotic use and incidence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in both the inpatient and outpatient setting of a large urban area. METHODS A retrospective observational time-series analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of non-duplicate clinical isolates of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaz...

Objectives Effluents contain a diverse abundance of antibiotic resistance genes that augment the resistome of receiving aquatic environments. However, uncertainty remains regarding their temporal persistence, transcription and response to anthropogenic factors, such as antibiotic usage. We present a spatiotemporal study within a river catchment (River Cam, UK) that aims to determine the contrib...

Introduction Prophylactic antibiotics have an important role in the prevention of infection following cardiac surgery [1], however, inappropriate or excessive use is associated with the development of antibiotic resistance Cephalosporins, for example, have a well-established association with clostridium difficile [2]. The incidence of nosocomial infections in patients who undergo coronary arter...

Presence of antibiotics in the environment may cause potential risk for aquatic environment and organisms. In this research, Fenton oxidation process was offered as an effective method for removal of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solutions. The experiments were performed on laboratory-scale study under complete mixing at 25±2°C. The effects of initial antibiotic concentration, molar ...

OBJECTIVE To study the association between time to antibiotic administration and survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. DESIGN Single-center cohort study. SETTING The emergency department of an academic tertiary care center from 2005 through 2006. PATIENTS Two hundred sixty-one patients undergo...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that emergency department (ED) volume and increased patient complexity are associated with lower quality of care, as measured by time to antibiotics for patients being admitted with community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study at a university tertiary care hospital ED. Community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted from the ED and disch...

Erythromycin is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic, but resistance to this antibiotic makes its use less effective. Considerable efforts, beside finding alternatives, are needed enhance antimicrobial effect and stability against bacteria. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), novel delivery vehicle with three-dimensional nanostructure, have been studied as carrying platform of ant...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the previously reported regional variation in outpatient antimicrobial use density in Germany has persisted or changed over time and has been similar for both children and adults. Antibiotic [at least 1 Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Code 'J01' drug] prescription prevalence data for the year 2010 were analysed for 17 regions. The overall a...

background and aim: bacterial elimination from root canal system is one of the aims in endodontic treatments, so the addition of antibiotics to sealers can increase their antimicrobial efficacy, as in this study we are determining the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of ah26 and ah plus sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic pastes and nanosilver on enterococcus faecalis. materials and ...