The discovery of gramicidin, penicillin, streptomycin, and the numerous other antibiotics known today has contributed materially to the list of therapeutic agents available against micro-organisms. However, the immediate enthusiasm which greeted their introduction has had to be checked by the realization that many of the important organisms affected readily develop resistance to the antibiotic ...

PLoS Biology | http://biology.plosjournals.org By next summer, more than 40% of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in the United States will resist both penicillin and erythromycin, according to a recent prediction from the Harvard School of Public Health. The forecast, based on mathematical modeling, was published in the spring of 2003. It’s too early to tell whether that prediction is precisely...

Abstract Antibiotics have been regarded as the emerging contaminants because of their massive use in humans and veterinary medicines persistence environment. The global concern antibiotic contamination to different environmental matrices emergence resistance has posed a severe impact on Different mass-spectrometry-based techniques confirm presence are released into environment through wastewate...

BACKGROUND Sharing information with patients within a consultation about their infection and value of antibiotics can help reduce antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections. However, we do not know how often information is given about antibiotics or infections, and if this is related to knowledge and attitudes. OBJECTIVES To determine the public's reported use of antibiotics, r...

conclusion a comparison of these data with those of other countries showed that there was considerable geographic variation in bacterial patterns of sensitivity and resistance properties. therefore, the selection of antibiotics for empiric therapy especially in children with terminal renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) treatment should be based on the knowledge of ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cystic fibrosis patients suffer from chronic lung infections that require long-term antibiotic therapy. Pseudomonas readily evolve resistance, rendering antibiotics ineffective. In vitro experiments suggest that resistant bacteria may be treated by exploiting their collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics. Here, we investigate correlations of sensitivity and resista...

Antibiotics are among the most valuable compounds used for fighting human diseases. Unfortunately, pathogenic bacteria have evolved towards resistance. One important and frequently forgotten aspect of antibiotics and their resistance genes is that they evolved in non-clinical (natural) environments before the use of antibiotics by humans. Given that the biosphere is mainly formed by micro-organ...