Aim: To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of seed extracts of Diplocyclos palmatus (L) C. Jeffrey. Methods: Three extracts of different polarity of Diplocyclos palmatus (L) C. Jeffrey seeds were tested for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Antiinflammatory acti...

Macrophages (MPs) are important for skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo and may exert beneficial effects on myogenic cell growth through mitogenic and antiapoptotic activities in vitro. However, MPs are highly versatile and may exert various, and even opposite, functions depending on their activation state. We studied monocyte (MO)/MP phenotypes and functions during skeletal muscle repair. Sel...

Imatinib exerts potent antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Despite its well known antitumor activity, the potential of imatinib for the treatment of inflammatory diseases remains elusive so far. Our current report provides strong evidence that imatinib has potent antiinflammatory effects. It potently inhibits LPS- and Con A-induced TNF-alpha production by human myeloid cells in vitro (pe...

Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are used in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, inhibit the expression of many inflammatory mediators. They can also induce the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1; otherwise known as mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] phosphatase 1), which dephosphorylates and inactivates MAPKs. We investigated the role of DUSP1 in the antii...

OBJECTIVE Antioxidants protect against oxidative stress and inflammation, which, in combination with hyperlipidemia, are important mediators of atherogenesis. Here we present a selenium-substituted fatty acid, tetradecylselenoacetic acid (TSA), which is hypothesized to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that TSA exerts antioxidant pro...

OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (apoE) exerts potent antiinflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the effect of apoE on the functional phenotype of macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Human apoE receptors very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R) and apoE receptor-2 (apoER2) were stably expressed in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. In these cells, apoE downregulated markers of the proinflammatory ...

Inflammation is part of the normal host response to infection and injury. However, excessive or inappropriate inflammation contributes to a range of acute and chronic human diseases and is characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines, arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and other oxidized derivatives), other inflammatory agents (e.g., r...

OBJECTIVE CF101, an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonist, is a small orally bioavailable molecule known to suppress in vitro the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). We evaluated its therapeutic potential and antiinflammatory effects in 3 murine models of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA). METHODS The antiinflammatory effect of CF101 was examined in rat AIA, in mouse collagen...

Experimental colitis is mediated by inflammatory or dysregulated immune responses to microbial factors of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study we observed that administration of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists suppressed the severity of experimental colitis in RAG1-/- but not in SCID mice. This differential responsiveness between phenotypically similar but genetically distinct animals...