it into a systematic account of the applications of vaccine treatment to the bacterial diseases of the various parts of the body." Consequently the book has been completely re-written for the present edition. It is divided into twelve chapters. The first chapter deals with the antibodies; toxin and antitoxin; agglutinins; lysins; opsinins. The nature, source and functions of these are discussed...

27th October. Next day the child's temperature was little better, and the throat symptoms also improved. About noon on the 28th, another injection of 2,000 units of anti-toxin was given. Next day the child was much better. He was quiet and slept well at night, and the membranes disappeared, except a small patch 011 one of the tonsils. But the temperature still continued above normal, till 011 t...

Bacteria produce a wide arsenal of toxic compounds in order to kill competing species. Bacteriocins, protein-based toxins produced by nearly all bacteria, have generally been considered a ubiquitous anti-competitor strategy, used to kill competing bacterial strains. Some of these bacteriocins are encoded on plasmids, which also code for closely linked immunity compounds (thereby rendering toxin...

Although the factors predisposing to the development of pulpy kidney disease are insufficiently known, the disease can be prevented by reducing the quantity or quality of food eaten by sheep. But such measures are inconsistent with optimal production a nd reproduction with the result that concerted efforts were made at developing effective vaccines. Bennetts ( 1932, 1936) was probably the first...

: Tetanus with hiatal hernia was diagnosed in a four-month-old female sheepdog pup. The animal was treated with tetanus antitoxin, antibiotics, fluids and intensive nursing care for three weeks and subsequently made a full recovery.

Clostridium perfringens was found to produce alpha toxin in a synthetic medium containing zinc; in medium containing no zinc, a little toxin was detected in the early logarithmic phase of growth and it disappeared rapidly. No intracellular accumulation of alpha toxin protein occurred whether or not zinc was present in the medium. In zinc-deficient medium, the organisms produced and released int...

Given that microbial interactions in nature are very complex, we propose that quorum-sensing, as well as quorum-quenching, phenazine and secondary metabolite production, resistance and toxin-antitoxin systems within a microbial community should all comprise the battery of processes involving the study of what we would define as the "sociomicrobiome". In the present study the genes/molecules, su...

1. Animals immunized with the formalinized filtrates of young toxic cultures of B. botulinus produce an antitoxic serum poor in precipitins. 2. Animals immunized with the formalinized filtrates of old and partly autolyzed toxic cultures produce an antitoxic serum containing precipitins. 3. Animals immunized with toxin-free autolyzed bacteria produce a serum free from antitoxin but rich in speci...

1. Better results in the production of diphtheria antitoxin can be obtained with greater experience in the selection of the most suitable type of horses to be used. Young animals are usually to be preferred. Over one-half of all such horses can be made to yield 300-unit serum, while a third will yield (5)oo-unit serum. 2. High-test horses require a shorter time to immunize and will yield a pote...

Nearly all bacteria exhibit a type of phenotypic growth described as persistence that is thought to underlie antibiotic tolerance and recalcitrant chronic infections. The chromosomally encoded high-persistence (Hip) toxin-antitoxin proteins HipASO and HipBSO from Shewanella oneidensis, a proteobacterium with unusual respiratory capacities, constitute a type II toxin-antitoxin protein module. He...