To facilitate electronic commerce in international trade, paper-based documents in trade procedures have to be replaced by electronic messages. This can be viewed as a business process redesign problem. In this paper we present a formal framework for representing so-called Deontic Deep Structure Models (DDSM) for business procedures. These models can be used to support the electronification of ...

human rights are the basic standards that people need to live in dignity.  in addition to the rights that are available to all people, there are rights that apply only to children.  children need special rights because of their unique needs;  they need additional protection that adults don’t.  the united nations convention on the rights of the child is an international document that sets out al...

I differ with Cheng’s appraisal of certain events and think that we need a more sophisticated analysis of the twin policy goals he identifies and embraces–self-determination and global order– before they can offer real policy guidance. But State Succession and Commercial Obligations stands out as a rigorously researched, original, and insightful effort to understand this quite confused and opaq...

International investment law may be the most criticised front of contemporary international economic law. One main points criticism stresses its substantively asymmetrical structure, which creates an imbalance between respective rights and obligations foreign investors all other stakeholders in relations such as home host states, local communities NGOs. proposals to address this issue is includ...

The concept of accountability is a concept closely aligned with public trust and confidence with a healthcare discipline. It is of vital importance to the discipline of nursing to define and examine the obligations and duties of professional nurse. The term is referred to and often defined through international and national professional codes of nursing and in standards of nursing practice docu...