The distribution of blockbuster punitive damages awards has fat tails similar to the distributions of losses from natural disasters. Extremely large awards occur more often and are more difficult to predict than if blockbuster awards were distributed normally. The size and predictability of awards are important factors in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions on punitive damages. This article exam...

There is widely perceived to be a public liability crisis in Australia. This paper analyses whether court awards for injuries are excessive. The paper has two main parts. The first part outlines a normative basis for the sizes of awards based on the principles of welfare economics and the amounts that individuals would be willing to pay to avoid injuries. It shows the kinds of compensation sums...

INTRODUCTION . The UN Commission on International Trade Law established Working Group III in 2017. Within the framework of this Group, States’ delegations and representatives international governmental non-governmental organizations seek to work out solutions identified problems investor-State dispute settlement system. Such include: lack consistency predictability arbitral awards, independence...

A recent Ontario arbitral award is reshaping the way employers and employees must approach the legal duty to accommodate employees with disabilities in the workplace. Entrenched in both federal and provincial human rights legislation, the duty to accommodate imposes a legal obligation on employers to accommodate employees with disabilities unless such accommodation would cause undue hardship on...

OBJECTIVE Determine representation by gender for individual recognition awards presented to physicians by the Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey was used. Lists of individual recognition award recipients for the 27-yr history of the AAP awards (1990-2016) were analyzed. The primary outcome measures were the total numbers of men versus women physician awa...

Awards are widespread in all countries and are prevalent both in the public sphere and in the private sector. This paper argues, and empirically supports, that awards serve public functions and economists should take them seriously. Using a unique cross-country data set, we suggest that awards serve as signals. Awards are more prevalent the more difficult the position and status of an individua...

This article examines international commercial arbitration, one of the most popular methods for resolution disputes that arise in context relations. The volume trade between Russia and China has been gradually increasing recent years, which testifies to fact study arbitration legal regulation both nations is extremely relevant. authors examine concept entities, as well sources govern their esta...