Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder of upper airway obstruction during sleep. The effects of intermittent upper airway obstruction include alveolar hypoventilation, altered arterial blood gases and acid-base status, and stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors, which leads to frequent arousals. These arousals disturb sleep architecture and cause hypersomnolence. Chronic intermi...

In calves suffering from chronic bronchopneumonia, marked arterial hypoxaemia (pO2 near the values normally found in venous blood – 4 up to 6 kPa) accompanied by various degree of hypercapnia was observed. Moreover, hypercapnia and subsequent respiratory acidosis were associated with metabolic compensation in the most cases blood pH values were found within normal range. Despite apparent clinic...

In vitro studies suggest that cerebrovascular contraction is more dependent on the influx of calcium to smooth muscle than general systemic arteries. The present study tested the in vivo effects of a calcium influx blocker (nimodipine) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in 16 baboons. The 133xenon clearance technique was used together with careful control of EEG and blood gases. With normal ...