We read with great interest the paper by Dawson et al. (1] on combined treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) by embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery, and we would like to congratulate them for their efforts in the therapeutic approach to these lesions. Although we agree with the concept of using a combined approach, we do not recommend the same technical procedure. As discussed ...

INTRODUCTION Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a common cause of progressive cyanosis in children after cavopulmonary anastomoses. We analyzed the pulmonary histologic characteristics from children in whom pulmonary arteriovenous malformations developed after procedures that resulted in pulmonary arterial blood flow devoid of hepatic venous effluent. METHODS We performed routine histo...

PURPOSE The aim of this statement is to review the current data and to make suggestions for the diagnosis and management of both ruptured and unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. METHODS The writing group met in person and by teleconference to establish search terms and to discuss narrative text and suggestions. Authors performed their own literature searches of PubMed, Medline, or E...

Arteriovenous malformations of the lower urinary tract are uncommon lesions, usually presenting as scrotal masses. A case of recurrent acute scrotal pain mimicking testicular torsion that was attributed to the presence of an arteriovenous malformation of the spermatic cord is described. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an arteriovenous malformation of the spermatic cord prese...

uterine arteriovenous malformations (avms) are relatively rare disorders that can cause life-threatening vaginal bleeding. we describe three childbearing-age females, who had abdominal pain and heavy vaginal bleeding, and were diagnosed as uterine avm by color doppler and angiography. the patients received successful superselective transarterial embolization (tae) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (nb...

pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare clinical entities thai are associated with right to left shunts, and are often clinically presented by the triad of dyspnea, cyanosis, and digital clubbing. currently, transcatheter embolization of fistula is gaining increasing popularity as the superior therapeutic option. in certain situations, however, surgery is preferred. two cases of direct p...

Cowden syndrome (OMIM No 158350) is a pleomorphic, autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by hamartomas in tissues derived from the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. It is caused by germline mutations in the PTEN gene and is allelic to the Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba and Lhermitte-Duclos syndromes. The three syndromes are defined on clinical grounds but there is overlap in their definitions. Th...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations may cause a number of complications when left untreated. Embolisation of the feeding vessels is a relatively new approach and information concerning its efficacy and long term results is scarce. METHODS Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with feeding arteries of > 3 mm were treated by embolisation. Right to left shunt fraction and arterial o...

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the urinary tract are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three case of AVM of the ureter have been described in the literature so far. CASE PRESENTATION We present an additional, fourth case of an AVM of the ureter, clinically presented as asymptomatic haematuria and an obstructive process in the left ureter. Ureteroscopic evalua...