Secondary cell walls mediate many crucial biological processes in plants including mechanical support, water and nutrient transport and stress management. They also provide an abundant resource of renewable feed, fiber, and fuel. The grass family contains the most important food, forage, and biofuel crops. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of secondary wall formation in grasses is necessar...

INTRODUCTION Ornamental grasses and sedges have a long history. Are they a new crop? Yes, both old and new at the same time. And a crop that has had a dramatic impact on the appearance of our developed landscape, on the work of landscape architects and planting designers, on nursery producers and landscape managers, and on researchers! Millions and millions of units of grasses and sedges are cu...

Mutualistic interactions between species are receiving increased attention from ecologists, although research lags far behind analogous work on competition or predator-prey interactions. Most research has focused on rather showy mutualisms such as pollination or fruit dispersal and has suggested that mutualisms are more important in tropical communities than in temperate communities (67). Plant...

BACKGROUND Interspecific hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] is one of the most widely used grasses on golf courses, with cultivars derived from 'Tifgreen' or 'Tifdwarf' particularly used for putting greens. Many bermudagrass cultivars established for putting greens can be genetically unstable and lead to the occurrence of undesirable off-type grasse...

Institutional robotics (IR) is an approach to the coordination of multirobot systems that draws inspiration from social sciences, namely from institutional economics. Using the concept of institution, it aims to provide a comprehensive strategy for specifying social interactions (e.g., norms, roles, hierarchies) among robots. In previous work, we have introduced a control methodology for multir...

The ability of warm-grown leaves to acclimate their photosynthetic machinery to low, non-freezing temperature was compared for contrasting species of grasses and trees. All trees (Betula pubescens, Salix sp. and Picea abies), and young plants of one of the grasses (Hordeum vulgare) showed acclimation of photosynthesis while the other two grasses (Phalaris arundinacea and Festuca ovina) did not....

DURING the past few years, an extended study has been made in these laboratories of the chemistry of certain constituents of the forage grasses, the nitrogenous substances and the fats and waxes having received particular attention. Samples of a number of grasses of pure strain and known history being available, the opportunity was taken to examine the cell-wall substances of certain of these. ...