Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observationa...

[1] We present new annually resolved dO, dC, Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca ratio records for two shells of the fast growing Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis, collected from proximal Spanish coast sea grass meadows. The relationship between the potential geochemical proxies and ontogenetic and environmental controlling factors is investigated. Specifically, the use of shell Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios as po...

The Th content of subsurface Bahamas seawater has been estimated from incrementally deposited aragonite skeletons of sclerosponges using U-series age models which imply syndepositional incorporation of Th. First order age models, assuming constant growth rate and zero initial Th activity, display an average surface age of 63 ± 18 y despite the fact that the surfaces of the organisms were known ...

The maternal dominance hypothesis has been derived from work with humans which shows that women who are more dominant than other women are more likely to conceive sons. In both animals and humans dominance is a characteristic or personality trait, underpinned by testosterone and responsive to a range of environmental changes: physical, social and psychological. Studies of the sex ratio in the s...

Climate change is expected to impact drylands worldwide by increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. These effects have known feedbacks to the functional roles of dryland biological soil crust communities (biocrusts), which are expected to undergo significant climate-induced changes in community structure and function. Nevertheless, our ability to monitor the status and physi...

To address the challenge of increasing opportunities for active learning into a medical physiology course with approximately 190 students enrolled, we chose an integrated approach. This was facilitated by the availability of a patient simulator facility at the School of Nursing at the Medical College of Georgia, and an approximately 20-min simulation of acute hemorrhage on the simulators compri...

Hypertension is most common disorder worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing. In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the effect of anthropometric parameters on blood pressure in normotensive males. The present study was carried out in physiology department, Prathima Medical College, Karimnagar, (A.P.), India. Subjects were mainly staff of Prathima Medical Colle...

In many, and perhaps indeed in the majority of diseases, one sex tends to be affected more often than the other, and the convulsive disorders of children appear to provide an example of such a differential sex incidence. Lennox, Gibbs, and Gibbs (1940) in a series of more than 2,000 cases, found that 57% of their affected patients were male and 43% female. Lennox (1949), in a series of over 150...

Leaves are specialized organs characterized by defined developmental destiny and determinate growth. The overexpression of Knotted1-like homeobox genes in different species has been shown to alter leaf shape and development, but a definite role for this class of genes remains to be established. Transgenics that overexpress Knotted1-like genes present some traits that are characteristic of alter...

Biomechanical properties of bone depend on the composition and organization of collagen fibers. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy was employed to determine the content of mineral and organic constituents and orientation of collagen fibers in spongy bone in the human head of femur at the microstructural level. Changes in composition and structure of trabecula were illustrated using Raman sp...