Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Among the catalytic steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, the conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin and the conversion of dihydrosterigmatocystin to dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin are catalyzed by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltr...

This study aims to identify Candida sp in the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus at Prof. Regional General Hospital. Dr. H Aloe Saboe, Gorntalo City.This type research is qualitative using descriptive methods and data collection techniques, namely fungal culture examination, interviews documentation. The sampling technique used this was purposive sampling, a total 10 people.Based on resul...

Pedagang ayam di pasar besar Kota Malang melaporkan ada seekor kampung terlihat berdiam disudut kandang. Keesokan harinya tersebut mati dalam kandang dan dilakukan nekropsi untuk mengetahui kelainan patologik yang terjadi pada tubuh ayam. Hasil pengamatan pemeriksaan organ mengalami patologis yaitu trakea, hepar, proventrikulus, jantung. Trakea terinfestasi kapang diduga Aspergillus sp sehingga...

Four oilseeds providing cocoa-butter substitutes--shea, pentadecima, illipe, and salseed--when tested as substrates for aflatoxin production by two strains of Aspergillus parasiticus, gave varying levels of aflatoxin. Aflatoxins were found at low levels occurring naturally in moldy shea-nuts, but none of 21 commercial shea-nut samples contained greater than 20 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 per kg.

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produced ethylene during early growth. However, the onset of toxin biosynthesis was marked by the absence of ethylene evolution. 2-Chloroethyl phosphonic acid, an ethylene-generating compound, inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis in vivo. The reciprocal relationship between the production of aflatoxin and ethylene by the organism may indicate the invol...

Orange peel is one of byproduct from the kalamansi syrup industry. oil stored in gland skin (flavedo). contains cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other components. Degradation carried out by biological agents such as bacteria fungi can increase yield. This study aimed to determine effect fermentation time amount inoculum on yield orange oil. consisted two factors, namely length (2 days, 4 6 ...

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are important pathogens of cotton, corn, peanuts and other oil-seed crops, producing toxins both in the field and during storage. We have designed three siRNA sequences (Nor-Ia, Nor-Ib, Nor-Ic) to target the mRNA sequence of the aflD gene to examine the potential for using RNA silencing technology to control aflatoxin production. Thus, the effect of...

Fungal communities in soils of Nigerian maize fields were examined to determine distributions of aflatoxin-producing fungi and to identify endemic atoxigenic strains of potential value as biological control agents for limiting aflatoxin contamination in West African crops. Over 1000 isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were collected from soil of 55 Nigerian maize fields located in t...