Background. – The objective of this study is to outline a capabilities approach to the social determinants of population health and to compare its explanatory power and implications for public policy-making with psychosocial approaches. Methods. – A model linking the structures of economic and social relations to health outcomes is developed and logistic methods used to confirm its base validit...

Hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons receive synaptic inputs from commissural and associational fibers on both apical and basal dendrites. NMDA receptors at these synapses were examined in hippocampal slices of wild-type mice and GluRvarepsilon1 (NR2A) subunit knockout mice. Electrical stimulations at the CA3 stratum radiatum or stratum oriens activate both commissural and associational (C/A) syna...

Synaptic glutamate signaling in brain is highly complex and includes multiple interacting receptors, modulating cotransmitters and distinct regional dynamics. Medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory structures receive excitatory inputs from neocortical sensory and associational projections: afferents from neocortex pass to parahippocampal cortex, then to layers II/III of entorhinal cortex, and then o...

To understand the physiological role of kainate receptors and their participation in seizure induction in animal models of epilepsy, it will be necessary to develop a comprehensive description of their action in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Activation of presynaptic kainate receptors depresses excitatory synaptic transmission at mossy fiber and associational-commissural inputs to CA3 pyra...

The attractant-decoy hypothesis predicts that focal plants can defend against herbivory by neighboring with preferred plant species when herbivores make decisions at the plant species scale. The repellent-plant hypothesis assumes that focal plants will gain protection by associating with nonpreferred neighbors when herbivores are selective at the patch scale. However, herbivores usually make fo...

A host of studies on wealth inequality in pre-industrial Europe has recently been published. Out these, a narrative emerges rising context emerging markets and growing state taxation, punctuated by calamities. By surveying the available material, this article highlights an element that is less systematically discussed literature: role associational organizations. They developed regressive forms...