temperature restrictions on aqueous effluents dictate that streams with a temperature higher than the permitted level needed to pass through cooling systems to reduce the effluent temperature before discharge. in this study, by considering the grouping design rules based on pinch technology, an optimum design for a distributed effluent cooling system, has been developed. a counter-flow wet cool...

Skin surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance through a yet to be identified mechanism. One possibility is that skin surface cooling increases the gain of baroreflex control of efferent responses contributing to the maintenance of blood pressure. To test this hypothesis, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded in nine healthy subject...

A Fe₃Al intermetallic alloy has been successfully prepared by the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process. The applied process parameters were selected to provide various cooling rates during the solidification of the laser-melted material. The macro- and microstructure and the micro- and macrotexture of Fe₃Al samples were investigated. The influence of the cooling rate on grain morphology ...

The transient heat transfer rate from a free-falling large drop of molten lead to a cold plate surface maintained at about room temperature was experimentally estimated by solving the inverse heat conduction problem, taking into account the time variation of the area covered by the drop. Furthermore, the change with time in thickness of the solidification layer formed within the drop was estima...

Mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied during composting cycles with high numbers in the initial and final cycles with maximal values in compost C and D, and sharply decreased in the heating cycles. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were dominated at the initial composting cycle. Whereas, at maturity Bacillus subtilis was the major followed by B.badi...

Mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied during composting cycles with high numbers in the initial and final cycles with maximal values in compost C and D, and sharply decreased in the heating cycles. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were dominated at the initial composting cycle. Whereas, at maturity Bacillus subtilis was the major followed by B.badi...

Mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied during composting cycles with high numbers in the initial and final cycles with maximal values in compost C and D, and sharply decreased in the heating cycles. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were dominated at the initial composting cycle. Whereas, at maturity Bacillus subtilis was the major followed by B.badi...

advanced high strength steels (ahss) have recently attracted great attention because of their superior mechanical properties. a modern group of these steels, known as twinning induced plasticity (twip) steels, shows a unique combination of strength and ductility even at high rates of strain. in order to examine the functionality of such steels in dynamic loading conditions, their mechanical beh...

Engine life and effectiveness can be improved with effective cooling. The cooling mechanism of the air cooled engine is mostly dependent on the fin design of the cylinder head and block. The heat is conducted through the engine parts and convected to air through the surfaces of the fins. Insufficient removal of heat from engine will lead to high thermal stresses and lower engine efficiency. As ...

It has been shown experimentally by many researchers that cooling rate and crystallization temperature affect the rate of crystal formation. In this study, crystallization kinetics of coconut oil was measured by monitoring the solid fraction of the oil using pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (pNMR). Four levels of cooling rate and crytallization temperature were studied. Parameters of crystalli...