B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a heterogeneous disease involving more than one molecular mechanism that leads to the transformation of CD5(+) B cells at either the pregerminal or postgerminal center stage of differentiation. It was previously demonstrated that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene mutations can occur in B-CLL and cause a defect in the p53 pathway. Here the ro...

INTRODUCTION Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) multiplace chamber inside attendants (IAs) are at risk for decompression sickness (DCS). Standard decompression tables are formulated for sea-level use, not for use at altitude. METHODS At Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical Center (Denver, Colorado, 5,924 feet above sea level) and Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah, 4,500 feet), the decompression obl...

The DNA damage response (DDR) signal transduction pathway is responsible for sensing DNA damage and further relaying this signal into the cell. ATM is an apical DDR kinase that orchestrates the activation and the recruitment of downstream DDR factors to induce cell-cycle arrest and repair. We have previously shown that NOTCH1 inhibits ATM activation upon DNA damage, but the underlying mechanism...

BACKGROUND DNA damage such as double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) has been reported to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The major player in response to DSBs is ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated). Upon sensing DSBs, ATM is activated through autophosphorylation and phosphorylates a number of substrates for DNA repair, cell cycle regulation...

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent-to-lytic switch is mediated by the viral proteins BZLF1 (Z), BRLF1 (R), and BRRF1 (Na). Since we previously showed that DNA-damaging agents (including chemotherapy and irradiation) can induce EBV lytic reactivation and recently demonstrated that wild-type p53 contributes to lytic reactivation, we investigated the role of the ATM kinase during EBV reactivation...

The ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) protein is an intrinsic part of the cell cycle machinery that surveys genomic integrity and responses to genotoxic insult. Individuals with ataxia telangiectasia as well as Atm(-/-) mice are predisposed to cancer and are infertile due to spermatogenesis disruption during first meiotic prophase. Atm(-/-) spermatocytes frequently display aberrant synapsis an...

The role of homozygous ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations in familial and sporadic forms of cancer is well established, but the contribution of ATM heterozygosity to mammary gland and other cancers has been controversial. To test the effect of Atm heterozygosity on mammary gland cancer, mice with complete loss of exon 11 of Brca1 specifically in mammary epithelium (Brca1-MG-Deltaex11...

The cancer-prone neurodegenerative disorder, ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), results from mutations of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated). Individuals with A-T are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). Cultured cells from A-T individuals or Atm-/- mice have cell cycle and growth defects and are generally considered radiosensitive. However, it has been shown recently that cell population...

Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) is a 350-kDa protein whose function is defective in the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were used to characterize ATM. Steady-state levels of ATM protein varied from undetectable in most AT cell lines to highly expressed in HeLa, U2OS, and normal human fibroblasts. Subcellular fractionation...

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has become one of the leading high-speed networking technologies in the local and wide area environments. ATM offers great promise to meet the real-time requirements of emerging multimedia applications. In the last few years, many ATM networks have been deployed and use different types of ATM switches, many of which differ in their implementations. In this paper...