This study compared the diurnal and seasonal cycles of atmospheric and surface urban heat islands (UHIs) based on hourly air temperatures (Ta) collected at 65 out of 262 stations in Beijing and land surface temperature (Ts) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer in the years 2013–2014. We found that the nighttime atmospheric and surface UHIs referenced to rural cropland stat...

Abstract Some extratropical cyclones (ETC) begin their development in close proximity to a preexisting atmospheric river (AR). This study investigates the differences cyclogenesis stage between these events and those that without an AR nearby. Well-established ETC detection methods are applied reanalysis over North Pacific during 1979–2009 cool seasons (November–March). Of 3137 cases detected, ...

The spectral radiance measured by an airborne imaging spectrometer for a material on the Earth’s surface depends strongly on the illumination incident of the material and the atmospheric conditions. This dependence has limited the success of material-identification algorithms that rely on hyperspectral image data without associated ground-truth information. In this paper, we use a comprehensive...

The wind farm layout program FLaP (Farm Layout Program) estimates the wind speed at any point in a wind farm and the power output of the turbines. The ambient flow conditions and the properties of the turbines and the farm are used as input. The core of the program is an axis-symmetric wake model, describing the wake behind one rotor. Here an approach based on the simplified Reynolds equation w...