The sensitivity of free-tropospheric relative humidity to cloud microphysics and dynamics is explored using a simple 2-D humidity model and various configurations of the NCAR CAM3 Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). In one configuration the imposed surface temperatures and radiative perturbations effectively eliminated the Hadley and Walker circulations and the main westerly jet, crea...

Using daily observations of temperature, precipitation, radiation, and humidity from 24 stations spanning a large elevation gradient in Austria, we tested several previously defined algorithms for estimating daily radiation and humidity. The estimation algorithms were first tested independently, and then combined, resulting in a combined algorithm for estimating both radiation and humidity that...

It is well known that low relative humidity is an ingredient that leads to higher fire danger due to the relatively rapid response of fine fuels to atmospheric humidity. Rapid fluctuations in relative humidity, though, have not been addressed extensively in fire weather studies or operations, perhaps partly due to the difficulty of observing such fluctuations and the even greater difficulty in ...

FlOg LeI' tl J. TIzI.nl, FEllOW SPIE lJIiVtl>ilY of Stuttgart trotiMe of Applied Optics PIa~_aIdring 9 ~~9Sruttgart,Genmany Abstract. The image quality of airborne photographs is influenced by the atmosphere. Several factors affect the atmosphere, such as temperature, pressure. humidity, and wind speed. Furthermore, these atmospheric influences Bre dependent on the flight altitude. The MTF of t...

A 2-year tsetse field survey was conducted in Kajo-keji County South Sudan to determine factors influencing the seasonal abundance of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. A total of 13,323 tsetse flies of both sexes were collected in the dry and wet seasons. Dry season catches were significantly higher than those of the wet season (DF = 10, t (2011) = 3.477, P (2011) = 0.006; DF = 10, t (2012) = 7.943, ...

The western Arabian Sea exhibits strong spatial variability in sea surface temperature (SST) during the southwest monsoon, with changes in SST that can exceed 58C over 200 km. Exploration of satellite-based and in situ data shows a strong connection between mesoscale SST features and changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. The fundamental relationship is that of weak (strong) wind velocities...

Accurate measurements of global solar radiation, atmospheric temperature and relative humidity, as well as the availability of the predictions of their evolution over time, are important for different areas of applications, such as agriculture, renewable energy and energy management, or thermal comfort in buildings. For this reason, an intelligent, light-weight, self-powered and portable sensor...

An intermediate-complexity, quasi–physically based, meteorological model (MicroMet) has been developed to produce high-resolution (e.g., 30-m to 1-km horizontal grid increment) atmospheric forcings required to run spatially distributed terrestrial models over a wide variety of landscapes. The following eight variables, required to run most terrestrial models, are distributed: air temperature, r...

Atmospheric instabilities, mainly convection, depend on temperature distribution and moisture availability. The development of convection can often lead to the formation of clouds and precipitation, release of latent heat, etc. The initiation or development of instabilities has to be studied in detail with high-resolution, ground-based instruments such as ground-based microwave radiometric meas...

Organic substances can adopt an amorphous solid or semisolid state, influencing the rate of heterogeneous reactions and multiphase processes in atmospheric aerosols. Here we demonstrate how molecular diffusion in the condensed phase affects the gas uptake and chemical transformation of semisolid organic particles. Flow tube experiments show that the ozone uptake and oxidative aging of amorphous...