OBJECTIVE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, can regulate immune responses. However, its role in inducing immune tolerance associated with the prevention of islet inflammation and inhibition of type 1 diabetes remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential immunoregulatory effect of ATRA on type 1 diabetes us...

Changes in the expression of glycosyltransferases directly influence the oligosaccharide structures and conformations of cell surface glycoproteins and consequently cellular phenotype transitions and biological behaviors. In the present study, we show that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) modulates the N-glycan composition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by manipulating the expressi...

Recent studies have demonstrated that thymus-derived naturally occurring CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in human and mouse may be unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. All-trans RA (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been shown to regulate Treg and T effector cell differentiation. We hypothesize atRA stabilizes human natural Tregs (nTreg...

BACKGROUND The multifactorial and unpredictable nature of human restenosis will probably necessitate interventional strategies that target multiple processes involved in acute vascular narrowing. Retinoids (eg, all-trans-retinoic acid, atRA) represent a growing class of pleiotropic biological response modifiers with demonstrable efficacy in managing several pathological conditions. In this repo...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces granulocytic differentiation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, although the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated ATRA-induced cellular responses mediated by the transcription factor FOXO3A in APL cells. FOXO3A was constitutively phosphorylated and localized in the cytoplasm in both APL-derived NB4 cells and...

Several inducers have been used to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into male germ cells but the induction process has been inefficient. To solve the problem of low efficiency of inducer for ESCs differentiation into male germ cells, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), Am80(the retinoic acid receptor agonist), and estradiol (E2) was used to induce ESCs to differentiate into male germ cells...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO) administration leads to granulocytic maturation and/or apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells mainly by targeting promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα). Yet, ~10-15% of APL patients are not cured by ATRA- and ATO-based therapies, and a potential failure of ATRA and ATO in completely reversing PM...

BACKGROUND/AIMS All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the active form of vitamin A, plays an important role in the growth arrest of numerous types of cancer cells. It has been indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity can be affected by ATRA treatment. Our previous results demonstrate the involvement of Cdk5 in the fate of prostate cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to examine ...

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells, but the mechanisms by which cellular differentiation leads to apoptosis are not well understood. Studies were done to address the question whether ATRA-induced apoptosis is a consequence of destabilization of bcl-2 mRNA and decreased cellular levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2. ATRA induced differen...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the progressive degradation of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. ARPE-19 is an RPE cell line established as an in vitro model for the study of AMD pathogenesis. Oxidative stress is an AMD pathogenesis factor that induces DNA damage. Thus, the oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) of ARPE-19 cells c...