Three diagnostic procedures were tested to determine their potential usefulness in identifying faulty rural wells: (1) monitoring wells were constructed at three depths near each of three rural wells having a history of nitratenitrogen and/or herbicide contamination, and all wells were sampled daily for four weeks and tested for nitrate-nitrogen, atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and chloride; (...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the possible influence of a mixture of pesticides on medium-term carcinogenesis using improved hepatocarcinogenesis protocols. We performed a 12 commercially available pesticides combination with alachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, endosulfan, iprodione, mancozeb, maneb, procymidone and rotenone. The mixture was give...

The environmental persistence and bioaccumulation of herbicide atrazine may pose a significant threat to human health. In this experiment, 4 weeks old female Wister rats were treated by 0, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg atrazine respectively for 28 days, and the oxidative stress responses as well as the activations of Nrf2 signaling pathway in kidney tissues induced by atrazine were observed. The results ...

During 1986 soil contaminated with high concentrations of herbicides from drainage of wastewater was excavated and applied to an adjacent field in an effort to stimulate degradation of the pesticides. The field was divided into two plots that were planted with com or soybeans. As a continuation of this earlier study, part of the current project focused on monitoring herbicide residues in the la...

Atrazine bioconcentration and uptake were determined for eight freshwater green algae and diatoms. Atrazine uptake was extremely rapid in all species examined, with nearly 90% of total uptake occurring within the first hour of exposure. Within each division, different species had different bioconcentration capacities, although the accumulation of atrazine was consistently higher in green algae ...

The effects of the photosystem II herbicides diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) on the photosynthetic membranes of a cyanobacterium, Aphanocapsa 6308, were compared to the effects on a higher plant, Spinacia oleracea. The inhibition of photosystem II electron transport by these herbicides was investigated by measurin...

It is said that there are more than 5800 kinds of weeds, which significantly do harm to the agricultural production and weed control has always been an important issue in agrochemical practice. Chemical agents, that is herbicides, are used widely in the world in protecting crops from undue competition from weeds. The main chemical classes of herbicides(Tadeo et al., 2000) include bipiridilium c...

The development of controlled-release formulations of alachlor to diminish its leaching in sandy soils, avoiding groundwater contamination and maintaining its efficacy, was studied. For this purpose, ethylcellulose (EC) microencapsulated formulations (MEFs) of alachlor were prepared under different conditions and applied to soil columns to study their mobility. The results show that in all case...

The Cu/Al2O3 catalyzed ozonation for degrading an endocrine disruptor—alachlor in water was investigated. The Cu/Al2O3 powders were coated on a cordierite honeycomb column, which was taken as the reactor of catalytic ozonation of alachlor. Additional uncatalyzed experiments were carried out and the results were compared to those of the catalytic runs. The experimental results demonstrated that ...

Herbicide resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells was induced by mutagenesis with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and ethylmethanesulfonate. Four mutant strains were isolated and analyzed for resistance against DCM U-type or phenolic inhibitors o f photosynthetic electron transport. The mutants were different in both the extent and the pattern o f their resistance: the R /S value, i.e. the ratio o f ...