A sketch of classification reasoning is given in the paper. The key ideas of the reasoning are ideas of classification and its good approximations based on good diagnostic tests. Such good tests, which are maximally redundant (GMRTs), i.e. their subsets of attributes are closed, are considered. Classification reasoning embraces two interrelated processes: inductive inferring implicative asserti...

The entangled quantum states play a key role in quantum information. The association of the quantum state vector with each individual physical system in an attributive way is a source of many false paradoxes and inconsistencies. The paradoxes are avoided if the purely statistical interpretation (SI) of the quantum state vector is adopted. According the SI the quantum theory (QT) does not provid...

This article describes the adjective class in Quechua, countering many previous accounts of the language as a linguistic type with no adjective/noun distinction. It applies a set of common crosslinguistic criteria for distinguishing adjectives to data from several dialects of Ecuadorian Highland Quechua (EHQ), analyzing examples from a natural speech audio/video corpus, speaker intuitions of gr...

This paper aims to provide support for the view that individual concepts are basic to natural language semantics. First, the use of constant individual concepts allows us to maintain Kripke’s view of proper names as nondescriptional rigid designators in the face of problems created by so-called “empty names.” And second, the distinction between constant and variable individual concepts can func...

This study is a first attempt to unravel the almost unexplored domain of abstract conceptual knowledge. Four kinds of abstract concepts (nominal kinds, states of the self, cognitiveconcepts (nominal kinds, states of the self, cognitive processes, and emotion concepts) were investigated in two experiments. Emotion concepts displayed a specific pattern in both concreteness/abstractness and imager...

Objective: The main goal of this research was to study the rate of cognitive reconstructive effect on attribution style and girl students’ academic performance at high school in Khalkhal. Pre-test and post-test experimental designs with control group were used in this study. Thirty high school girl students were chosen randomly in 2 groups including 15 persons in experimental group and 15 perso...

One of the major issues of semantic web is the discovery and identification of the best service that responds to a user request. In this article we specify a semantic web services composition model built through an ontology described in the logical description language ALN (Attributive Language with unqualified Number restrictions). We then show a method for automatic discovery of semantic web ...