This letter is about a 27 years old female with the diagnosis of Crohn's disease since July 2004, involving the duodenum, ileum and right colon. She was first treated with Mesalamine (1 g 3 id for 20 d, suspended because of the absence of efficacy), Prednisolone (four episode treatment, tapered), Azathioprine (since July 2004, up to 2.5 mg/Kg/d). She had four previous admissions at our hospital...

Stress caused by lifestyles in industrialised countries can affect numerous illnesses. Side effects of stress at the level of microcirculation are vasoconstriction, haemoconcentration and vascular occlusion. Reduced or restricted blood flow in the internal auditory artery of the inner ear can lead to sudden deafness. The extent of the damage depends on whether vascular occlusion is momentary or...

Abstract. Khatulistiani TS, Dewi AS, Yasman. 2022. Detailed description of scanning electromagnetic microscope (SEM) the Holothuria scabra’s ossicles (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) collected from Pesawaran waters, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3697-3704. Ossicles are microscopic calcified endoskeleton that unique across sea cucumber species. Furthermore, their integrity is maintained af...

Conductive hearing loss causes a progressive decline in cochlear activity that may result in functional and structural modifications in auditory neurons. However, whether these activity-dependent changes are accompanied by a glial response involving microglia, astrocytes, or both has not yet been fully elucidated. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine the involvement of glial...

In mammals, environmental sounds stimulate the auditory receptor, the cochlea, via vibrations of the stapes, the innermost of the middle ear ossicles. These vibrations produce displacement waves that travel on the elongated and spirally wound basilar membrane (BM). As they travel, waves grow in amplitude, reaching a maximum and then dying out. The location of maximum BM motion is a function of ...

BACKGROUND We have conducted a retrospective review of 19 patients for whom 20 separated ossicles of the lateral malleolus were excised arthroscopically. We examined the operating methods, findings, and overall results. METHODS The patients' indications for this procedure were as follows. The main complaints were pain alone; ossicle sizes were small and ankle instability was minimal. There we...

The sclera is the tough outer covering of the eye that provides structural support and helps maintain intraocular pressure. In some fishes, reptiles, and birds, the sclera is reinforced with an additional ring of hyaline cartilage or bone that forms from scleral ossicles. Currently, the evolutionary and genetic basis of scleral ossification is poorly understood, especially in teleost fishes. We...

Suxamethonium and auditory evoked potentials Sir,—I read with interest the article by Brunner and colleagues on the relationship between suxamethonium and cortical auditory evoked potentials [1]. The focus of the article was the hypothesis that suxamethonium may cause arousal of anaesthetized patients, but no plausible explanations were offered by the authors as to the possible mechanism. I sus...