Studies of habitat fragmentation have been restricted primarily to anthropogenically-altered habitats, with most research conducted 60–90 years post-fragmentation. It is unclear whether patterns in older systems concur with results from these dynamic landscapes, and hence the long-term viability of populations inhabiting habitat fragments remains largely unexplored. I focused on resident birds ...

Recent discussions of the way ahead for agriculture have tended to centre around the frequently incompatible claims of the proponents of technological agriculture, now further developed through inputs from biotechnology , and ecological agriculture, of which organic farming is the best known example.There is a need for the claims made for these two versions to be put into a broader scientific a...

one on endocrinology, should provide the student with an excellent overall view of the integration of organic systems. "Genetics and Evolution" contains a reasonably clear and detailed discussion of the principles and problems in these fields, including gene action, the origin of life, and a good summary of the evidence for evolution. Some may feel that this section should come before that on v...

peganum harmala l. (zygophyllaceae) is one of the most important medicinal plants had been used in traditional medicine in north of iran as anti parasite, anti inflammatiom, anti tumor and anti infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate of ecological factors , ethno pharmacology and record of the relationship between secondary metabolites content and their antioxidant activity in seeds ex...

In many field observation, ecological equipment, phenology and ethnopharmacological data of Achillea millefolium L. and A. micrantha Wild. were studied. The inflorescences of plants were collected in different locations of Golestan province: Chaharbagh (2000 m) and Dozan (2200 m) respectively. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation (Clevenger) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass...

Feeding of protozoan and crustacean zooplankton was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), resulting in direct counts of particles ingested by each individual. Ciliates (Cyclidium sp.) were allowed to feed on Microcystis aeruginosa and analyzed directly on a flow cytometer for cyanobacterial autofluorescence coincident with each ciliate. Numbers of Microcystis cells ingested (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 c...

Pregermination treatments applied to seed of Gardner saltbush, [ALriplexgar&cri(Moq.) D. Dietr.] were evahtated for alleviation of seed dormancy. Treatments selected simulated conditions the seed might be exposed to in its natural environment, including dry afterripening, scarification, leaching, and cold stratification. Germination response to individual treatments was equal to or higher than ...

Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 is one of two species of the family Parergodrilidae (together with the marine litoral, interstitial species Stygocapitella subterranea Knöllner, 1934) and one of only two truly soil-dwelling “polychaetes” (the other being Hrabeiella periglandulata Pižl and Chalupský, 1984) that are predominantly known from terrestrial habitats (Reisinger 1925, 1960; Römbke ...

In several field observation of this research ,the main ecological requirenments and ethnopharmacological data about  the traditional uses  of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. were recorded. The aerial parts of plant were collected in blooming from Bovanloo mountain in September 2013 (1728 m ) in North Khorasan Razavi.  Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and  analyzed by GC-MS. Metha...

The diversity of resources and information in real infospheres calls for artificial ecosystems with a diversity of interacting agents ranging from reactive to deliberative paradigms and maintaining the information ecology. After discussing the notion of infosphere and some interests of the XML family for such a world, this paper provides examples showing the interest of such hybrid systems. 1. ...