OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the key players in the development of many autoimmune diseases. To determine the possible role of TLR4 in polymyositis (PM) development, we collected muscle samples from PM patients and mice subjected to an experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model. METHODS We measured TLR4-MyD88 pathway-related factors, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-...

A 10-year-old child presented with prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, oral ulcers, alopecia and parotitis. She later developed arterial thrombosis, poly-serositis, nephritis, myocarditis, sacro-ilitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and refractory thrombocytopenia. Though anti-dsDNA was negative, she was diagnosed to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Terminally, she had pulmonar...

Abstract Background/Aims Through the COVID pandemic there have emerged reports of autoimmunity or new rheumatic diseases presenting in patients after they had COVID-19. This is thought to be caused by cross-reactivity COVID-19 spike protein human antigens. Given use mRNA vaccinations which express we might expect see presentation following their use. We discuss a case where this appears occurre...

Recently, the importance of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been stressed. The discovery of the disease-related gene can disclose disease susceptible or resistant persons, such as noted in persons resistant to AIDSvirus infection. Genetic polymorphism is also important in drug-responsiveness, and also in the occurrence of severe side effects in each patient. Azathioprine is one of the ...

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) represent a group of autoimmune muscle conditions with variable organ involvement amongst the different types [1]. Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most prevalent subgroup among children (accounting for up to 85% of cases), while polymyositis, inclusion body myositis and dermatomyositis are most common in adults [2]. JDM is primarily a capillary vas...

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, chronic erythematous squamous disorder of unknown etiology. It has been found in association with several autoimmune diseases, including thyroiditis, myositis, myasthenia gravis and vitiligo. Herein we report a case of systemic sclerosis in a patient with classic adult pityriasis rubra pilaris. A 38 year old woman with classic adult type 1 pityriasis ru...

Background Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) or myositis are characterized as inflammatory, autoimmune disorders with a wide spectrum of symptoms and affected tissues. The presence circulating autoantibodies B-lineage cells in tissues, point towards an essential role B the pathogenesis IIM. This sparked interest cell depleting anti-CD20 antibody rituximab new treatment opportunity Howeve...

Infectious myositis may be caused by a broad range of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral agents. Infectious myositis is overall uncommon given the relative resistance of the musculature to infection. For example, inciting events, including trauma, surgery, or the presence of foreign bodies or devitalized tissue, are often present in cases of bacterial myositis. Bacterial causes are categor...