Introduction: Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system recognizes and attacks host tissue. In addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers (in particular viruses, bacteria and other infectious pathogens) are thought to play a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Methodology: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus without time limits for relevant articles. Results: In...

The "mosaic of autoimmunity" describes the multifactorial origin and diversity of expression of autoimmune diseases in humans. The term implies that different combinations of the many factors that are involved in auto-immunity produce varying and unique clinical pictures in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Most of the factors involved in autoimmunity can be categorized into four groups: ...

Genomic analysis is helping reserachers to understand the causes of autoimmunity, but it will not be easy translate this into treatments.

Abstract Background There is an increasing number of patients following hernia surgery with implanted mesh reporting symptoms that could indicate autoimmune or allergic reactions. ‘Allergy’ to metals, drugs, and chemicals well recognised. However, allergy autoimmunity caused by has not been proven a scientific method date. The aim this study was twofold: describe the pathophysiology foreign bod...

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), persists as a threat to global health and continues be rapidly evolving condition. Although COVID19 is negatively correlated with existing comorbidities in terms of clinical outcome, ability SARS-CoV-2 mediate novel, or exacerbate autoimmune conditions, has generated considerab...

Gene association studies are less appealing in cancer compared to autoimmune diseases. Complexity, heterogeneity, variation in histological types, age at onset, short survival, and acute versus chronic conditions are cancer related factors which are different from an organ specific autoimmune disease, such as Grave’s disease, on which a large body of multicentre data is accumulated. For years t...

The possibility that cardiac autoimmunity contributes to the pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease is controversial. In this paper, we address the following questions regarding the genesis of autoimmunity in Chagas heart disease: (i) What mechanism(s) are potentially responsible for the generation of self-directed antibodies and lymphocytes? (ii) What is the evidence that any of these mechanisms...

Exposure to heavy metals may have toxic effects on several human organs causing morbidity and mortality. Metals trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity in humans. Inbred mouse strains with certain H-2 haplotypes are susceptible xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity; their immune response such as mercury, gold, silver been explored. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA), polyclonal B-cell activation, hypergam...