Using a structural model of demand for automobile engine variants, this paper finds that there is second-degree price discrimination: markups increase with engine size. Still, average markups are lower than when models have just one engine. The paper develops the first empirical demand framework suitable for markets with variants. There is an unobserved product characteristic and a consumer-spe...

background: occupational and environmental exposures mostly represent mixtures of genotoxic agents, whereas the specificity of biomarker measurements varies widely. exploration of correlations among biomarkers contributes to the further progress of molecular cancer epidemiology and to the selection of the optimal biomarkers for the investigation of human exposure to carcinogens. the aim of this...

As resource scarcity and environmental degradation has aroused global concern, new energy vehicles have become the developing trend of automobile industry all over the world. However, there is lack of incentive for innovations on more environmentally friendly automobile technology. This paper introduces endogenous and directed technology progress into the growth model to analyze the decision-ma...

Centrifugal heat pump has to be coupled with gas boiler to supply high temperature water in radiator heating system. Regarding to hybrid heating system (HHS), operation strategy has significant impact on its annual energy consumption and cost. In this paper, the optimal operation strategy of the HHS composed of sewage-source centrifugal heat pumps and gas boilers was analyzed. Firstly, the perf...

In order to safeguard the future of Chinese automobile industry, and maintain and strengthen its acceptance in Chinese community, it should be made a commitment to sustainability. The approaches to sustainability in Chinese automobile industry should comprise three aspects: nature conservation, production-related environmental protection and “5R” implementation which is considered as sustainabl...

The effect of focus splitting after propagation of focused ultrasound through a rib cage is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the mechanism of this effect is caused by the interference of waves from two or more spatially separated sources, such as intercostal spaces. Analytical estimates of the parameters of splitting are obtained, i.e., the number of foci, their amplitudes, diameter...