CONTEXT Cancer cachexia occurs in most patients suffering from solid malignancies. Recent works suggest paraneoplastic mechanisms. Empirical studies also found autonomic dysfunction in cancer patients, but comprehensive evaluation of the peripheral nervous system is lacking. OBJECTIVES To further understand the role of the autonomic and peripheral nervous system in cancer cachexia to guide tr...

Background & Importance: Acute autonomic system impairment can be dangerous and life-threatening, and a clinician should be aware of its occurrence possibility. According to the anatomy of this system, spinal cord lesions could disturb its function. There are many reports of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord i njuries especially spinal cord trauma. Case Presentation: A 28 year-o...

This review summarizes the detrimental effects of cigarette and noncigarette emission exposure on autonomic function, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of acute and chronic modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. We propose that the nicotine and fine particulate matter in tobacco smoke lead to increased sympathetic nerve activity, which becomes persistent via a positive feedback ...

In acute noxious injuries to the spine, usually the somatic sensory and motor dysfunctions originate an acute pain which is referred to as acute “nociceptive” or somatic pain (Figure 1). In occasional situations the pain may have a tendency to persist for months or several years after the original injury has healed. This type of persistent pain has been referred to as “neuropathic pain.” Descri...

The vagus nerve (VN), the longest nerve of the organism that innervates the gastrointestinal tract, is a mixed nerve composed of 80% of afferent and 20% of efferent fibers. The VN has anti-inflammatory properties, in particular an anti-TNFα effect through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The VN is a key component of the autonomic nervous system, i.e. the parasympathetic nervous system...

Heart rate is largely affected by the autonomic nervous system. However, little is known about the anatomic pathway of autonomic nerve fibers innervating the sinus node. The present study: (1) evaluates the effects of cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for common atrial flutter (AFL) on autonomic nervous function by using heart rate variability analysis, and (2) investigates the distribution of aut...

A Kashmiri family with 3 members affected by a congenital sensory and autonomic neuropathy and corneal opacification is described. The 3 affected cases were offspring of consanguinous marriages in two generations; autosomal recessive inheritance is therefore probable. Pain and temperature sensation was lost in the limbs with a resulting mutilating acropathy. Sudomotor function was also impaired...

The brain and its central nervous system circuitry communicate with all peripheral tissues through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune neurovascular systems as well neuronal networks. This applies to the abnormal situation of a tumour much normal biological function. can affect development metastases though activation or dysregulation specific centres. It has also become apparent that is capable buildi...

Hereditary amyloid polyneuropathies are rare, heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant disorders and deserve special attention because of its rare presentation, multisystem involvement and significant therapeutic implications if diagnosed early. We report a male patient of hereditary amyloid polyneuropathy from North West India with peripheral nerve, autonomic nervous system, vitreous and card...

The experiment was performed on 5 sheep. Four animals were subjected to one-sided nephrectomy. The 5 sheep was sham-operated. The animals were kept alive for 21 days and subsequently put down and sectioned for the following material: the brain stem, spinal cord with all spinal ganglia, all the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and the ganglia and plexuses of abdominal and pelvic cavities. The ma...